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The diagnosis of VL was confirmed in 65 of these 113 samples. The VL\u2010HIV and HIV groups presented significant differences regarding haemoglobin level (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001), lymphocyte count (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0444), white blood cell count (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0108), weight loss (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0310), HIV load (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001) and CD4+ T\u2010lymphocytes count (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0003). Levels of IL\u20106 and IL\u201010, IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u20106, IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u201010, TNF and IL\u20102 were positively correlated in VL\u2010HIV co\u2010infection, indicating higher serum levels of TNF and IL\u20104 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001). In addition, miR\u2010182 expression was found to be significantly higher in HIV (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.009), miR\u2010210 exhibited no statistically significant difference between groups, and nonexpression of miR\u2010122 was found in both groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Together, TNF, IL\u20104 and miR\u2010182 may represent circulatory biomarkers of VL\u2010HIV co\u2010infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T14:47:05Z","timestamp":1580222825000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Higher levels of TNF and IL\u20104 cytokines and low miR\u2010182 expression in visceral leishmaniasis\u2010HIV co\u2010infected patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8301-6600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter Lins","family":"Barbosa J\u00fanior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alda Maria","family":"Justo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas Universidade de Pernambuco Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Aguiar dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia Maria Barros","family":"de Lorena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Feliciano","family":"do Carmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Vale do S\u00e3o Francisco Petrolina Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio Lopes","family":"de Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zulma Maria","family":"de Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz Recife Brazil"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas Universidade de Pernambuco Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luydson Richardson Silva","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz Recife Brazil"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas Universidade de Pernambuco Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"357","article-title":"Leishmania\/HIV co\u2010infections in the second decade","volume":"123","author":"Cruz I","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Magnitude of visceral leishmaniasis and poor treatment outcome among HIV patients: meta\u2010analysis and systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Alemayehu M","year":"2016","journal-title":"HIV AIDS (Auckl)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"Leishmaniasis\u2010HIV coinfection: current challenges","volume":"8","author":"Lindoso JA","year":"2016","journal-title":"HIV AIDS (Auckl)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"Pan American Health Organization (PAHO).Health Organization (PAHO) Leishmaniasis: Epidemiological report of the Americas Information on leishmaniasis PAHO\/WHO.https:\/\/www.paho.org\/hq\/index.php?option=com_topics&view=article&xml:id=29&Itemxml:id=40754&xml:lang=pt. 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