{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:28:39Z","timestamp":1792456119273,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,17]],"date-time":"2020-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alveolar echinococcosis is a severe chronic helminthic infection that mimics a tumour\u2010like disease. This study aimed at investigating in vitro interactions between <jats:italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/jats:italic> vesicular fluid (VF) and different immune checkpoints (PD\u20101\/PD\u2010L1, CTLA\u20104, LAG\u20103 and TIM\u20103).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy blood donors were isolated by Ficoll. Natural killer (NK) cells were selected. Each type of cell was stimulated individually with <jats:italic>E.\u00a0multilocularis<\/jats:italic>\u2010VF. Expression of the different immune checkpoints was measured by flow cytometry on day 3 and day 6; all supernatants were used for immunoassays. Cells and supernatants from 22 healthy donors were analysed. A significant increase of PD\u20101, PD\u2010L1, LAG\u20103 and TIM\u20103 was observed upon <jats:italic>E.\u00a0multilocularis<\/jats:italic>\u2010VF exposure for NK cells on day 3 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05, Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank test). A significant increase of PD\u2010L1 and CTLA\u20104 was observed upon <jats:italic>E.\u00a0multilocularis<\/jats:italic>\u2010VF exposure for T cells on day 6 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05, Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank test), which was associated with increased levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05, Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank test).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These preliminary data suggest that immune checkpoints could be a way for <jats:italic>E.\u00a0multilocularis<\/jats:italic> to modulate the host immune response during alveolar echinococcosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,14]],"date-time":"2020-03-14T16:33:32Z","timestamp":1584203612000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["<i>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/i> vesicular fluid induces the expression of immune checkpoint proteins in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4144-476X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne\u2010Pauline","family":"Bellanger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Mycology Department Jean Minjoz University Hospital Besancon France"},{"name":"Echinococcosis National Reference Center Besancon France"},{"name":"Chrono\u2010Environnement UMR\/CNRS 6249 University of Bourgogne Franche\u2010Comt\u00e9 Besan\u00e7on France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Courquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Mycology Department Jean Minjoz University Hospital Besancon France"},{"name":"Echinococcosis National Reference Center Besancon France"},{"name":"Chrono\u2010Environnement UMR\/CNRS 6249 University of Bourgogne Franche\u2010Comt\u00e9 Besan\u00e7on France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Ren\u00e9","family":"Pallandre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM Unit 1098 University of Franche\u2010Comt\u00e9 Besan\u00e7on France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yann","family":"Godet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM Unit 1098 University of Franche\u2010Comt\u00e9 Besan\u00e7on France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Millon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Mycology Department Jean Minjoz University Hospital Besancon France"},{"name":"Echinococcosis National Reference Center Besancon France"},{"name":"Chrono\u2010Environnement UMR\/CNRS 6249 University of Bourgogne Franche\u2010Comt\u00e9 Besan\u00e7on France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000722"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12292"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050664"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2017.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2014073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0623-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.02.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12596"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2014.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-1215"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198687"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Cellular immune response in Echinococcus \n                  multilocularis infection in humans. II. Natural killer cell activity and cell subpopulations in the blood and in the periparasitic granuloma of patients with alveolar echinococcosis","volume":"78","author":"Vuitton DA","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/586709"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2015.2876"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201646875"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","article-title":"Immune exhaustion of T cells in alveolar echinococcosis patients and its reversal by blocking checkpoint receptor TIGIT in a murine model","author":"Zhang C","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pim.12711","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/pim.12711","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pim.12711","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T07:01:19Z","timestamp":1693983679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pim.12711"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,17]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pim.12711"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pim.12711","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-9838","1365-3024"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-9838","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3024","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-09-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12711"}}