{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:36:11Z","timestamp":1777926971343,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,12]],"date-time":"2020-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    E6020 is a synthetic agonist of Toll\u2010like receptor\u20104 (TLR4). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of E6020\u2010SE on\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010specific immune responses and its ability to confer protection against acute lethal infection in mice. Forty female BALB\/c were infected with 500 trypomastigotes of\n                    <jats:italic>T\u00a0cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    H1 strain, divided into four groups (n\u00a0=\u00a010) and treated at 7\u2010 and 14\u2010day post\u2010infection (dpi) with different doses of E6020\u2010SE or PBS (control). Survival was followed for 51\u00a0days, mice were euthanized and hearts were collected to evaluate parasite burden, inflammation and fibrosis. We found significantly higher survival and lower parasite burdens in mice injected with E6020\u2010SE at all doses compared to the control group. However, E6020\u2010SE treatment did not significantly reduce cardiac inflammation or fibrosis. On the other hand, E6020\u2010SE modulated Th1 and Th2 cytokines, decreasing IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u20104 in a dose\u2010dependent manner after stimulation with parasite antigens. We conclude that E6020\u2010SE alone increased survival by decreasing cardiac parasite burdens in BALB\/c mice acutely infected with\n                    <jats:italic>T\u00a0cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    but failed to prevent cardiac damage. Our results suggest that for optimal protection, a vaccine antigen is necessary to balance and orient a protective immune response.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,27]],"date-time":"2020-06-27T05:59:03Z","timestamp":1593237543000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["TLR4 agonist protects against\n                    <i>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/i>\n                    acute lethal infection by decreasing cardiac parasite burdens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Liliana E.","family":"Villanueva\u2010Lizama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and National School of Tropical Medicine Texas Children\u2019s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Parasitolog\u00eda Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Yucat\u00e1n M\u00e9rida M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julio V.","family":"Cruz\u2010Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and National School of Tropical Medicine Texas Children\u2019s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Parasitolog\u00eda Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Yucat\u00e1n M\u00e9rida M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leroy","family":"Versteeg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and National School of Tropical Medicine Texas Children\u2019s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"},{"name":"Cell Biology and Immunology Group Wageningen University &amp; Research Wageningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian F.","family":"Teh\u2010Poot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Parasitolog\u00eda Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Yucat\u00e1n M\u00e9rida M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristyn","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and National School of Tropical Medicine Texas Children\u2019s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"April","family":"Kendricks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and National School of Tropical Medicine Texas Children\u2019s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Keegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and National School of Tropical Medicine Texas Children\u2019s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Pollet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and National School of Tropical Medicine Texas Children\u2019s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Gusovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eisai, Inc Andover MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Hotez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and National School of Tropical Medicine Texas Children\u2019s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology Baylor University Waco TX USA"},{"name":"James A. 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