{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:54:46Z","timestamp":1772160886398,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004621","name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), caused by\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , is a systemic parasitic disease and presents a global health problem which can be fatal if not diagnosed and treated. Dogs are the main hosts and provide reservoirs for the transmission of the disease to humans.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, the gene encoding a 21\u2010kDa protein was cloned and expressed as a fusion protein in\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain BL21 (DE3) for developing a rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) to identify infected dogs. The expression of the recombinant 21\u2010kDa protein (r21) was investigated using SDS\u2010PAGE and Western blot methods. The purified r21\u2010kDa protein was spotted onto ICT strips and tested by sera from experimentally infected, naturally infected and uninfected dogs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The SDS\u2010PAGE and Western blot methods showed the successful expression of r21\u2010kDa protein. The ICT strip test revealed that the r21\u2010kDa protein was detected by the sera of experimentally and naturally infected dogs. The specificity tests also confirmed no cross\u2010reactivity with animals infected with\n                      <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Ehrlichia canis<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on these findings, the new r21\u2010kDa protein may be a suitable target for developing a new simple, specific and rapid serological method to detect VL in infected dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  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