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In Panama, the most prevalent species that causes localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) is\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and its immune response is poorly studied. Therefore, we evaluated by immunohistochemistry, the in situ immune response during this infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Biopsies from Panamanian patients with LCL were collected and processed by histological techniques. Infection by\n                      <jats:italic>L. (V.) panamensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      was demonstrated by isolation in culture and molecular characterization by Hsp70\u2010RFLP. The in situ immune response was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The immune response was characterized by predominance of T cells, mainly CD8 cells that showed positive correlation with IFN\u2010\u03b3 and Granzyme B. CD4 cells presented positive correlation with both IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u201013, pointed by mixed cellular immune response. Regulatory response was characterized by FoxP3 cells, which showed positive correlation to IL\u201010 but not with TGF\u2010\u03b2.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>L. (V.) panamensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection triggers a mixed cellular immune response, characterized by the presence of pro\u2010inflammatory, anti\u2010inflammatory and regulatory elements in the skin lesion of Panamanian patients. These data contribute to a better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania Viannia<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection in Panama.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]],"date-time":"2020-10-17T14:52:13Z","timestamp":1602946333000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["In situ study of cellular immune response in human cutaneous lesions caused by\n                    <i>Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis<\/i>\n                    in Panama"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7297-1322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kadir","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitolog\u00eda Molecular Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la 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