{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:54:46Z","timestamp":1772160886833,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) due to\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania tropica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and zoonotic CL (ZCL) due to\n                      <jats:italic>L\u00a0major<\/jats:italic>\n                      have different clinical and epidemiological features.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To determine whether pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines are involved in diverse pathogenicity of\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      species causing CL.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients\/Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The capacity of\n                      <jats:italic>L\u00a0major\/L\u00a0tropica<\/jats:italic>\n                      to modulate expression of IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20108 (CXCL8), IFN\u2010\u03b3, TNF\u2010\u03b1 and MCP\u20101 (CCL2) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocyte\u2010derived macrophages (MDMs) was evaluated by real\u2010time RT\u2010PCR technique.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PBMCs from both ZCL and ACL cases expressed significantly higher IFN\u2010\u03b3 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) and TNF\u2010\u03b1 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) compared with healthy controls (HC). PBMCs from ACL patients expressed significantly higher IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u20108 compared with ZCL patients and HC when stimulated with live\n                      <jats:italic>L\u00a0major<\/jats:italic>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic>L\u00a0tropica<\/jats:italic>\n                      promastigotes (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). After 4 and 10\u00a0hours,\n                      <jats:italic>L\u00a0major<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010infected MDMs expressed significantly higher IFN\u2010\u03b3 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05), and after 10\u00a0hours,\n                      <jats:italic>L\u00a0tropica<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010infected MDMs expressed significantly higher IL\u20101\u03b2, IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u20108 compared with noninfected cells (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study shows differential parasite\u2010mediated stimulations of the inflammatory response with\n                      <jats:italic>L\u00a0major<\/jats:italic>\n                      vs\n                      <jats:italic>L\u00a0tropica<\/jats:italic>\n                      ex vivo. Pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines particularly IL\u20108 (CXCL8) and IL\u20101\u03b2 might contribute in diverse clinical features of CL such as longer duration of lesion persistence in ACL patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T12:06:58Z","timestamp":1619698018000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Differential inflammatory responses associated with\n                    <i>Leishmania major<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>L\u00a0tropica<\/i>\n                    in culture"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Darzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roshanak","family":"Davoudian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4317-7271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Nateghi Rostami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"WHO.Leishmaniasis.2021;https:\/\/www.who.int\/health\u2010topics\/leishmaniasis#tab=tab_1Accessed February 5 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/203818"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2019.1704214"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2401-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2007.03154.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.05.022"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"544","article-title":"Clinical features of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in a major focus, southeastern Iran, 1994\u20132014","volume":"12","author":"Khosravi A","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-012-9788-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2012.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2016.1232042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri933"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","article-title":"Biomarkers of immune protection in human leishmaniasis","author":"Nateghi Rostami M","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytox.2020.100043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2496713"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04261-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"221","article-title":"Vaccination against cutaneous leishmaniasis in a murine model. 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