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The main disease\u2010causing species of <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic> in China is <jats:italic>S.\u00a0japonicum<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>M\u00a0fortis<\/jats:italic> has been proved to be a nonpermissive host of <jats:italic>S.\u00a0japonicum<\/jats:italic>. Mf\u2010HSP90<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Microtus fortis<\/jats:italic> heat shock protein 90alpha), the homologue of HSP90<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, display anti\u2010schistosome effect in vitro and in vivo. In the current study, in order to investigate the mechanism of anti\u2010schistosome effect of Mf\u2010HSP90<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, we conducted RNA\u2010Seq to obtain the transcriptome profile of <jats:italic>M.\u00a0fortis<\/jats:italic> liver infected with <jats:italic>S.\u00a0japonicum<\/jats:italic> at different time points.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>By mapping the differential expressed genes (DEGs) to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), we found that the JAK2\/STAT1 pathway was highly enriched with an elevated level of IL\u201010 and HSP90<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>. We then checked the IL\u201010\u2010JAK2\/STAT1\u2010HSP90<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> pathway, and found that this pathway was activated in the infected mice with <jats:italic>S.\u00a0japonicum<\/jats:italic>. The expression of the molecules in this pathway was elevated on the 10<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> day after infection and gradually decreased on the 20<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> day.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The IL\u201010\u2010JAK2\/STAT1\u2010HSP90<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> axis was associated with the anti\u2010schistosome effect of Mf\u2010HSP90<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, and targeting IL\u201010\u2010JAK2\/STAT1\u2010HSP90<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> axis might be a novel therapeutic strategy for developing resistance to <jats:italic>S.\u00a0japonicum<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]],"date-time":"2021-05-08T17:55:37Z","timestamp":1620496537000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Transcriptional profiling of <i>Microtus fortis<\/i> responses to <i>S. japonicum<\/i>: New sight into Mf\u2010Hsp90<i>\u03b1<\/i> resistance mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Dehui","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Research Center School of Life Science Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saiqun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Research Center School of Life Science Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunlu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Research Center School of Life Science Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanjing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Animal Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiameng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Research Center School of Life Science Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanpeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Research Center School of Life Science Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5548-1241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingping","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Research Center School of Life Science Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weixin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Research Center School of Life Science Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0013-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12087"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"959","article-title":"Studies on granuloma formation. 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