{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T22:24:53Z","timestamp":1778192693220,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10-11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,15]],"date-time":"2021-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001501","name":"University Grants Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3643\/NET\u2010DEC.2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3643\/NET\u2010DEC.2012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001501","name":"University Grants Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F.4\u201028\/2015\/CAS\u2010II (SAP\u2010II)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F.4\u201028\/2015\/CAS\u2010II (SAP\u2010II)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The menace of the enfeebling disease leishmaniasis prevails due to the inaccessibility of effective vaccine and chemotherapy. Hence in the pursuit of finding novel alternative options with reasonable efficacy, immunomodulation, leishmanicidal activity and fewer side effects, screening of compounds from natural sources is needed. This study was focused on in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial screening of gallic acid (GA) against\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania donovani<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in BALB\/c mice. GA showed in vitro parasiticidal activity and IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0value of 19.59\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.74\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml and is able to arrest cell cycle at the sub\u2010G0\/G1 phase. The therapeutic potential of gallic acid was assessed in the\n                    <jats:italic>L.\u00a0donovani<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010infected BALB\/c mice. GA reported a reduction in parasite burden and augmentation of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T lymphocytes. Also, the polarization of mouse immune status to protective Th1 response was evidenced by increased delayed\u2010type hypersensitivity response and levels of IgG2a, reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. GA was reported to be safe and non\u2010toxic to human cell line THP\u20101 and also to the liver and kidney of mice. Hence, the findings of the present study indicate the possible role of GA in the strengthening of host immune system and thus facilitating the clearance of leishmanial infection and conferring protection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T14:25:53Z","timestamp":1628087153000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Antileishmanial potential of immunomodulator gallic acid against experimental murine visceral leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Poonam","family":"Keshav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Laboratory Department of Zoology (UGC\u2010CAS) Panjab University Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deepak Kumar","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Laboratory Department of Zoology (UGC\u2010CAS) Panjab University Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9071-7950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sukhbir","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Laboratory Department of Zoology (UGC\u2010CAS) Panjab University Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104733"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2608"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31204-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2021.152057"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8030468"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"1568","article-title":"A review on herbal immunoadjuvant","volume":"3","author":"Patel K","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Pharm LifeSciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules171112771"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Microalgae with immunomodulatory activities","volume":"18","author":"Riccio G","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007843"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.12.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2015.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cinnamomum cassia exhibits antileishmanial activity against leishmania donovani infection in vitro and in vivo","volume":"13","author":"Ozbak HA","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12719"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9010049"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2015.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118201800183X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2013.1632"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000340"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-017-1387-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2010.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"GC\u2013MS screening and antiparasitic action of Putranjiva roxburghii leaves against sensitive and resistant strains of Leishmania donovani","author":"Keshav P","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2013.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2021.100040"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004373"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-06200-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2021.104947"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1150-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Regulation of Leishmania populations within the host. 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