{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:54:46Z","timestamp":1772160886957,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scabies is one of the leading causes of morbidity in pigs worldwide. Limited data are available regarding the role of immune reactions in the development of porcine scabies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The aim of this study was to investigate key pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines (IL\u20101, TNF\u2010\u03b1), soluble variant of adhesion molecule ICAM\u20101 and mite\u2010mediated apoptosis of peripheral leukocytes in 20 pigs with scabies, in addition to 10\u00a0healthy controls. The pigs with at least three typical clinical signs and found positive for\n                      <jats:italic>Sarcoptes scabiei<\/jats:italic>\n                      var.\n                      <jats:italic>suis<\/jats:italic>\n                      in microscopy were recruited for the present study.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      IL\u20101 acted as the major pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine as serum IL\u20101 concentrations showed significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) higher levels (7\u2010fold increase) in cases than in controls. The minor cytokine TNF\u2010\u03b1 was 4\u2010fold higher during scabies, and its mean serum concentration was significantly increased (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) in cases when compared to healthy controls. Soluble ICAM\u20101\u00a0levels were significantly higher (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) in all the pigs of infested group compared with the controls. The percentage of apoptotic and necrotic leukocytes was found to be significantly higher (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) in scabies positive pigs as compared to the healthy controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is concluded that systemic elevation in pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines IL\u20101 and TNF\u2010\u03b1, shedding of soluble ICAM\u20101 variant in peripheral blood and increased rate of host\u2010cell apoptosis in peripheral leukocytes might be implicated in the immunopathology of naturally acquired porcine scabies.<\/jats:p>\n                  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