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The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared scabies in human as a neglected tropical disease, and today over 200\u00a0million people worldwide are affected. The two most commonly reported clinical manifestation of the condition are ordinary (OS) and crusted scabies (CS). CS, which can lead to fatal consequences due to secondary bacterial infections, is mostly observed in immunocompromised subjects but can also, although rarely, be detected in immunocompetent individuals. Innate and adaptive immune system components are involved in protection and pathogenesis of scabies, although with some differences between OS and CS. While the cutaneous immune response is dominated by CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T\u2010cells in OS, it is mainly mediated by CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T\u2010cells in CS. The two clinical conditions also differ in CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T\u2010cell\u2010mediated immune responses with mixed T<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>1\/T<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>2 (protective) and T<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>2\/T<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>17 (non\u2010protective) immunoprofiles in OS and CS, respectively. Moreover, the development of CS is associated with early immunosuppression that is followed by deleterious immune response to uncontrolled mite proliferation. However, the immune response to scabies still needs further attention due to inconsistent results in the literature. The aim of this study is to attract more attention to this area by summarizing the current literature on innate and adaptive immune responses triggered against<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>scabiei<\/jats:italic>mites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,19]],"date-time":"2021-12-19T06:18:31Z","timestamp":1639894711000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Immune mechanisms in human<i>Sarcoptes scabiei<\/i>(Acari: Sarcoptidae) infestations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9945-478X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umut","family":"Gazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Near East University Nicosia Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysegul","family":"Taylan \u2010 Ozkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medicine TOBB University of Economics and Technology Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosta Y.","family":"Mumcuoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Unit Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases The Hebrew University\u2010Hadassah Medical School Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"WHO \u2013 World Health Organization.Scabies.https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/scabies"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30483-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00132-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000495290"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.17.6.060503"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/edm.09.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2320-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2010.01218.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00034-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","article-title":"Human \u03b1\u03b2 and \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in skin immunity and disease","volume":"9","author":"Cruz MS","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00257","article-title":"Complement system part II: Role in immunity","volume":"6","author":"Merle NS","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-017-1953-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","article-title":"Langerhans cells\u2010programmed by the epidermis","volume":"44","author":"Clayton K","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202048864"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1489-0_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-016-0565-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/EurJTher.2019.18078"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The effects of secretory IgA in the mucosal immune system","volume":"2020","author":"Li Y","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008438"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001331"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555627376","article-title":"Immunoglobulin and complement deposits in the skin and circulating immune complexes in scabies","volume":"62","author":"Salo OP","year":"1982","journal-title":"Acta Dermato\u2010Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1977.tb00907.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Autoreactivity to sweat glands and nerves in clinical scabies infection","volume":"2","author":"Abreu\u2010Velez AM","year":"2010","journal-title":"North Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1994.1004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1980.tb05672.x"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","first-page":"741","article-title":"[Circulating immune complexes in skin disease patients. 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