{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:54:48Z","timestamp":1772160888625,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4-5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"South African Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study investigated whether prior exposure to helminths (\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    IgE,\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    eggs and\n                    <jats:italic>Trichuris<\/jats:italic>\n                    eggs) either in childhood or in adulthood, and residence in rural and resource\u2010limited urban areas influence allergy outcomes (asthma, rhinitis, IgE atopy and food allergy) in a South African population. Participants historical and present allergies data were collected through questionnaires and clinical record files. Coproscopy and immunoassays (ImmunoCAP\n                    <jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>\n                    Phadiatop, total IgE and allergen\u2010specific fx3 IgE immunoassays and\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    IgE radioallergosorbent [RAST] tests) were used for active helminthiasis and allergy screens respectively. Data were analysed using logistic regression analysis, and models were adjusted for age, gender and locality. High\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    IgE was significantly associated with asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u00a0=\u00a02.20,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.047), IgE atopy (aOR\u00a0=\u00a018.18,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001) and food allergy (aOR\u00a0=\u00a014.47,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001). Asthma was significantly less likely among participants with\n                    <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    eggs (aOR\u00a0=\u00a00.43,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.048) and\n                    <jats:italic>Trichuris<\/jats:italic>\n                    eggs (aOR\u00a0=\u00a00.36,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.024). The findings of co\u2010occurrent helminthiasis and allergic disorders in a population that has resided both in rural and peri\u2010urban informal settlements both oppose and agree with two main notions of the hygiene hypothesis that (i) individuals residing in rural settings with poor sanitation and geohelminth infection are less prone to allergy, and (ii) helminth infections protect against allergy respectively. Further research is warranted.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T06:54:30Z","timestamp":1645426470000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Concurrent allergy and helminthiasis in underprivileged urban South African adults previously residing in rural areas"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0373-9973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zilungile Lynette","family":"Mkhize\u2010Kwitshana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences Nelson R. Mandela Medical School Campus University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Durban South Africa"},{"name":"Research Capacity Development Division South African Medical Research Council Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pragalathan","family":"Naidoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences Nelson R. Mandela Medical School Campus University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Durban South Africa"},{"name":"Research Capacity Development Division South African Medical Research Council Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ntombifikile M.","family":"Nkwanyana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Public Health Medicine School of Nursing and Public Health College of Health Sciences Howard College University of KwaZulu Natal Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Musawenkosi L. H.","family":"Mabaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Sciences Research Council (HAST) Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.299.6710.1259"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04139.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.7.2348"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ITT.S61528"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.296.5567.490"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12353"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000180533.09295.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1313731110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-011-8285-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-003-0148-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004944"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.053785"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12590"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-88"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-273"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-499"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","volume-title":"Building Health Partnerships that Work","author":"The Khayelitsha Task Team","year":"2001"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Paradoxical helminthiasis and giardiasis in Cape Town, South Africa: epidemiology and control","volume":"5","author":"Adams VJ","year":"2005","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Synchronized and regular deworming of children and women in South Africa: policy and practice: science policy","volume":"101","author":"Fincham JE","year":"2005","journal-title":"South Afr J Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1991.tb00546.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"96","article-title":"Effect of age and helminthic infection on IgE levels in slum children","volume":"3","author":"Lynch NR","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68697-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02479.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01988.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2008.03134.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03206-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200603-331OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-009-0085-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004208"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-018-8712-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","unstructured":"HurdH. 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