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The objective was to evaluate immunomodulation of the probiotic\n                    <jats:italic>Saccharomyces boulardii<\/jats:italic>\n                    in sheep experimentally infected with\n                    <jats:italic>H. contortus.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Twenty\u2010four sheep were divided into three groups: one infected with 500\n                    <jats:italic>H. contortus<\/jats:italic>\n                    larvae\/day for 26\u2009days and supplemented with\n                    <jats:italic>S. boulardii<\/jats:italic>\n                    (40\u2009ml with 1\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009CFU\/ml\/day); a control group only infected with\n                    <jats:italic>H. contortus<\/jats:italic>\n                    but not supplemented; and a na\u00efve group that never came into contact with either parasites or\n                    <jats:italic>S. boulardii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . To assess the humoral immune response, production of specific serum IgG anti\u2010somatic\n                    <jats:italic>H. contortus<\/jats:italic>\n                    antigen was evaluated through indirect ELISA. To assess the cellular immune response, cell populations and cytokine (IL\u20104, IL\u20105 and IL\u201010) production were evaluated through flow cytometry. For parasitological analyses, the counts of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) and larvae per faecal culture were assessed. At all the study points, the concentration of IgG anti\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>H. contortus<\/jats:italic>\n                    was higher (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.05) in the\n                    <jats:italic>S. boulardii<\/jats:italic>\n                    group than in the other groups. The cell analysis revealed that there were significantly higher numbers (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.05) of cells expressing MHC\u2010II and significantly higher numbers (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.05) of eosinophils in the mucosa in the\n                    <jats:italic>S. boulardii<\/jats:italic>\n                    group. Significant expression of IL\u201010 was observed only in the control infected group. There were significant reductions (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.05) in EPG and larval counts in the\n                    <jats:italic>S. boulardii<\/jats:italic>\n                    supplemented group. These results show that\n                    <jats:italic>S. boulardii<\/jats:italic>\n                    supplementation modulated the immune response against\n                    <jats:italic>H. contortus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , thereby reducing its infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T08:30:09Z","timestamp":1664958609000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sheep immune\u2010stimulated with\n                    <i>Saccharomyces boulardii<\/i>\n                    show reduced prolificacy of\n                    <i>Haemonchus contortus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia Berne","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel)  Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul 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