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Different cell subsets in the human urogenital system, such as epithelial cells and infiltrating leukocytes, express different kinds of TLRs (such as TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9) as well as inflammasomes (such as NLRP3, NLRC4 and AIM2). Various types of the\n                    <jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010derived components such as glycosyl\u2010phosphatidylinositol (GPI),\n                    <jats:italic>T. vaginalis virus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (TVV), Lipophosphoglycan (LPG) and flagellin can be recognized by TLR2, TLR3, TLR4 and TLR5, respectively, leading to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the cervicovaginal mucosa. The\n                    <jats:italic>T. vaginalis\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                    induced inflammasomes can lead to pyroptosis as well as the release of IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u201018 promoting innate and adaptive immune responses. The PRR\u2010mediated responses to\n                    <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    may contribute to the induction of protective immune responses, local inflammation, promotion of co\u2010infections, or even the development of malignancies, for example, prostate cancer. The protective or pathogenic roles of the TLRs and inflammasomes during trichomoniasis are highlighted in this review. A better understanding of PRR\u2010mediated responses provides invaluable insights to develop effective immunotherapeutic strategies against\n                    <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.13000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T07:07:25Z","timestamp":1687244845000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Inflammatory responses during trichomoniasis: The role of Toll\u2010like receptors and inflammasomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8180-0602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdollah","family":"Jafarzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"},{"name":"Leishmaniasis Research Center Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"},{"name":"Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Rafsanjan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Nemati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Rafsanjan Iran"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Para\u2010Medicine Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Salarkia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leishmaniasis Research Center Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonal","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. B. 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