{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T18:42:06Z","timestamp":1780080126110,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022A1515010960"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515010960"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32002309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32002309"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a zoonotic parasite with a global distribution. Heterophil extracellular traps (HETs) are a novel innate immune mechanism of chickens against pathogens, but whether\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    can induce HETs release in chickens has not been reported. The effects of\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    on heterophils viability were assessed by using Cell Counting Kit\u20108.\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010induced HETs were observed and analysed by the immunofluorescence method.\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by the DCFH\u2010DA method. The mechanisms underlying\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010triggered HETs were investigated by inhibitors and fluorescence microplate reader.\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    did not significantly affect heterophils viability at a 1:1 ratio within 1\u2009h. It was demonstrated for the first time that\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    could induce HETs release in chicken, and the structure of HETs was comprised of DNA, elastase and citrullinated histone 3 (citH3).\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    increased ROS production in a dose\u2010dependent manner. Inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, extracellular signal\u2010regulated kinase 1\/2 (ERK\n                    <jats:sub>1\/2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and P38 signalling pathways, glycolysis and autophagy significantly decreased the release of\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                    induced HETs. Taken together,\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    can induce HETs release in chickens, and ROS, NADPH oxidase, ERK\n                    <jats:sub>1\/2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and P38 signalling pathways, glycolysis and autophagy participate in the process of HETs release, which provides new insights into the innate immune mechanism of chickens against\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.13001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T04:21:58Z","timestamp":1687321318000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["<i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    triggers heterophil extracellular traps via\n                    <scp>NADPH<\/scp>\n                    oxidase,\n                    <scp>ERK<\/scp>\n                    <sub>1\/2<\/sub>\n                    and\n                    <scp>P38<\/scp>\n                    signalling pathways, glycolysis and autophagy in chickens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Meiyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary, College of Life Sciences and Engineering Foshan University  Foshan Guangdong Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zha","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary, College of Life Sciences and Engineering Foshan University  Foshan Guangdong Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinqin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary, College of Life Sciences and Engineering Foshan University  Foshan Guangdong Province 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