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A total of 56 canine sera were divided into Group I (28, from healthy dogs) and Group II (28, from the same dogs, but already with CanVL). CanVL was determined by clinical and laboratory diagnoses. Canine sera were ultra\u2010centrifuged to recover EVs (Can\u2010EVs). Analyses by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), sodium dodecyl sulfate\u2010poli\u2010acrylammide gel eletroforesis (SDS\u2010PAGE) and, Immunoblot confirmed the presence of (i) microvesicles\/exosomes and (ii) the tetraspanins CD63 and CD9. EVs secreted by <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>infantum\u2010<\/jats:italic>EVs were reactive against sera from dogs with CanVL (performed by ELISA and Immunoblot). NTA analyses exhibited that concentrations of Can\u2010EVs from dogs with CanVL (7.78\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup> Can\u2010EVs\/mL) were higher (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001) than the non\u2010infected dogs (mean: 1.47\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup> Can\u2010EVs\/mL). These results suggested that concentrations of Can\u2010EVs were able to distinguish dogs with CanVL from healthy dogs. The relative expressions of 11 miRNAs species (miR\u201021\u20105p, miR\u2010146a\u20105p, miR\u2010125b\u20105p, miR\u2010144\u20103p, miR\u2010194\u20105p, miR\u2010346, miR\u201029c\u20103p, miR\u2010155\u20105p, miR\u201024\u20103p, miR\u2010181a\u20105p, and miR\u20109\u20105p) were estimated in purified miRNAs of 30 canine sera. Dogs with CanVL up\u2010expressed miR\u201021\u20105p and miR\u2010146a\u20105p when compared with healthy dogs. The other miRNA species were poorly or not expressed in canine sera. In conclusion, this study suggests that CanVL induces changes in size and concentration of Can\u2010EVs, as well as, the up\u2010expression of miR\u201021\u20105p and miR\u2010146a\u20105p in infected dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.13004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T05:57:49Z","timestamp":1689919069000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis have a boost of extracellular vesicles and <scp>miR<\/scp>\u201021\u20105p up\u2010expression"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0711-9023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allecineia Bispo","family":"da Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Fungos Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz  Sao Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Coordenadoria de Controle de Doen\u00e7as da Secretaria de Estado da Sa\u00fade de S\u00e3o Paulo  Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2357-1212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francieli Marinho","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Fungos Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz  Sao Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Coordenadoria de Controle de Doen\u00e7as da Secretaria de Estado da Sa\u00fade de S\u00e3o Paulo  Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3275-5806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta Marques","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Fungos Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz  Sao Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Coordenadoria de Controle de Doen\u00e7as da Secretaria de Estado da Sa\u00fade de S\u00e3o Paulo  Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7365-9533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid de Siqueira","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Fungos Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz  Sao Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Coordenadoria de Controle de Doen\u00e7as da Secretaria de Estado da Sa\u00fade de S\u00e3o Paulo  Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5756-0787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noemi Nosomi","family":"Taniwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nucleo de Microscopia Eletr\u00f4nica, Instituto Adolfo Lutz  Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5735-1560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gislene Mitsue","family":"Namiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nucleo de Microscopia Eletr\u00f4nica, Instituto Adolfo Lutz  Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6268-5728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Gava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Fungos Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz  Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7404-1505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto Mitsuyoshi","family":"Hiramoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Fungos Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz  Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3317-195X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera Lucia","family":"Pereira\u2010Chioccola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Fungos Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz  Sao Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Coordenadoria de Controle de Doen\u00e7as da Secretaria de Estado da Sa\u00fade de S\u00e3o Paulo  Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"WHO\u2010World Health Organization.Leishmaniasis.2022. 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