{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T17:19:13Z","timestamp":1783358353164,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006013","name":"United Arab Emirates University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31S453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31S453"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study investigated a \u2018de Novo\u2019 medicinal herb,\n                    <jats:italic>Ferula asafetida<\/jats:italic>\n                    (FA), against toxoplasma encephalitis either alone or combined with spiramycin (SP). Female Swiss\u2010Webster mice (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200972) were divided into three batches. Batch\u2010I received no DMS to serve as an immunocompetent control, batch\u2010II was immune\u2010suppressed with the DMS (0.25\u2009mg\/g\/day) for 14\u2009days pre\u2010infection, whilst batch\u2010III was immune\u2010suppressed with the DMS on the same day of infection. All experimental mice were inoculated with\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii ME49<\/jats:italic>\n                    cysts (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200975). Each batch was split into four subgroups: Mono\u2010SP, mono\u2010FA, combined drug (SP\u2009+\u2009FA), or neither. Therapies were administered on day zero of infection in batches (I and II) and 35\u2009days post\u2010infection in batch (III). Treatments lasted for 14\u2009days, and mice were sacrificed 60\u2009days post\u2010infection. Histopathological changes, cysts load, and CD4 and CD8 T\u2010cells were counted in brain tissues. The cyst\u2010load count in mice receiving SP\u2009+\u2009FA was significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001) the least compared to the mono treatments in all protocols. Interestingly, the combined therapy demolished the T\u2010cell subsets to zero in immunocompetent and immunocompromised infected mice. In conclusion,\n                    <jats:italic>F. asafetida<\/jats:italic>\n                    might be a powerfully natural, safe vehicle of SP in the digestive system and\/or across the brain\u2013blood barrier to control toxoplasmosis even through immunodeficient conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.13014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T21:05:19Z","timestamp":1697058319000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A multimodality therapeutic application on\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    encephalitis utilizing Spiramycin and \u2018de novo\u2019\n                    <i>Ferula asafetida<\/i>\n                    in immunodeficient mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Badria Hassan","family":"Almurshidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department United Arab Emirates University  Al Ain UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeinab","family":"Fahmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Therapeutic Evaluation Department Theodor Bilharz Research Institute  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal","family":"El\u2010Shennawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Therapeutic Evaluation Department Theodor Bilharz Research Institute  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman A. 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Awad","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fatima College of Health Sciences IAT  Abu Dhabi UAE"},{"name":"Cancer Science Institute National University of Singapore  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gehan Labib","family":"Abuelenain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Therapeutic Evaluation Department Theodor Bilharz Research Institute  Giza 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