{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:54:46Z","timestamp":1772160886330,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mucormycosis is a fungal infection caused by moulds from the Mucorales order. Concerns have been mounting due to the alarming increase in severe morbidity and mortality associated with mucormycosis during the COVID\u201019 pandemic. This condition, known as COVID\u201019\u2010associated mucormycosis (CAM), has been linked to various environmental, host\u2010related, and medical factors on a global scale. We have categorized the most significant potential risk factors for developing mucormycosis in individuals with a previous history of coronavirus infection into 10 major categories. These categories include acute hyperglycemia, the impact of cytokine release, immune response deficiencies in COVID\u201019 patients, microvasculopathy and dysfunction of endothelial cells, imbalances in iron metabolism, metabolic acidosis, organ damage resulting from COVID\u201019, underlying health conditions (such as diabetes), environmental factors, and medical treatments that can be iatrogenic in nature (such as inappropriate glucocorticoid use). Many of these factors can lead to potentially life\u2010threatening infections that can complicate the treatment of COVID\u201019. Physicians should be vigilant about these factors because early detection of mucormycosis is crucial for effective management of this condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.13016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T08:11:38Z","timestamp":1697530298000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["COVID\u201019 associated mucormycosis surge: A review on multi\u2010pathway mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Pourazizi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atousa","family":"Hakamifard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Peyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8220-4511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasoul","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6508-778X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shakiba","family":"Dehghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farabi Eye Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology Tehran University of Medical Science  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Najmeh","family":"Tavousi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7705-7783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nastaran\u2010Sadat","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamed","family":"Azhdari Tehrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1081-9477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bahareh","family":"Abtahi\u2010Naeini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Dermatology Division of Department of Pediatrics, Imam Hossein Children's Hospital Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"},{"name":"Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycres.2007.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir864"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12566"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2009.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.3.394"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9030335"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/432579"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.jrms_1090_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/lungindia.lungindia_435_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1582_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13338"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01172-2"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","article-title":"Risk of Mucormycosis in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Khanna M","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.04.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-015-0123-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/486403"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5492\/wjccm.v1.i1.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021443"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0353-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.153288"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-0763"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2020.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.65.1.131-150.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2017.1342920"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0029(20000801)50:3<184::AID-JEMT2>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7080616"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01634-2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006408"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-018-0458-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.suppl_2.S114"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2005.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.7.1116"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6775"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102763"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2020.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00827"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-07-366526"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01623"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2012.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI138554"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.04.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00366"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0407-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.3369"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.6312"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.jrms_560_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15157"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00454-7"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","first-page":"183","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction: cardiovascular risk factors, therapy, and outcome","volume":"1","author":"Hadi HA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2016-0020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI42164"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.31.12.1109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111643"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-013-9693-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(99)90066-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.0994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7040298"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI82744"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-07-035972"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2176"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202000955"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EshraghiB KhademiB MirmohammadkhaniM et al.Collaborative study of COVID\u201019 associated rhino\u2010orbital\u2010cerebral Mucormycosis in Iran (CA\u2010ROCM\u2010IR): a preliminary report (preprint).2023.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2495890\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2020.107671"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108382"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvaa082"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2020.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.643004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.4672"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13413"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crmicr.2021.100057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102148"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.2011.23.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12243"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030523"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myz031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-021-00584-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00382"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms6020045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.11.4272-4273.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_89_1","article-title":"From bilateral periorbital necrotic wound to fungal brain abscess: a complicated case of COVID\u201019\u2010associated Mucormycosis","volume":"2022","author":"Eshraghi B","year":"2022","journal-title":"Case Reports Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_90_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"COVID\u201019 associated Mucormycosis and Anbarnesa: concerning about important source of spores","volume":"51","author":"Pourazizi M","year":"2022","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.3257"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27207"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.1929"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2017.32.2.180"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit816"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx101"}],"container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pim.13016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,26]],"date-time":"2024-01-26T06:14:34Z","timestamp":1706249674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pim.13016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pim.13016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pim.13016","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PIM.13016\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PIM.13016\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PIM.13016\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PIM.13016\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PIM.13016\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PIM.13016\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PIM.13016\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PIM.13016\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0141-9838","1365-3024"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-9838","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3024","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13016"}}