{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T23:49:30Z","timestamp":1792021770258,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Nonspecific hypergammaglobulinemia (HGG) occurs in symptomatic human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by\n                    <jats:italic>L. L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This study assessed this finding in experimental infection in hamsters and natural infection in dogs. The serum concentration of proteins, albumin and globulins was determined through the biuret and bromocresol green reaction, where the HGG was better expressed through the albumin\/globulin (A\/G) ratio. HGG was associated with a higher concentration of specific anti\u2010glycan antibodies (BSA\u2010G)\/promastigote soluble extract (PSE) and the presence of circulating immune complexes (IC) by dissociative enzyme\u2010linked immunoassay (ELISA). The study found monovalent IC in 37.9% (PSE) and 50% (BSA\u2010G) of sera from infected hamsters, with increased frequency as the disease progressed. HGG was found in &gt;60% of the samples in dogs with VL, associated with higher levels of specific immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgM, but not IgG, determined using the PSE and BSA\u2010G ELISA. HGG was associated with the presence of monovalent IC in 58.9% (PSE) and 63.4% (BSA\u2010G) positive dog samples. HGG may result not only from the nonspecific activation of B cells, with greater production of specific and nonspecific antibodies, but also due to lower IgG excretion due to the presence of soluble monovalent IC. HGG correlates to the progression of VL and may be a marker for manifested disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.13021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T05:12:07Z","timestamp":1706159527000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Understanding hypergammaglobulinemia in experimental or natural visceral leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Camila Aparecida","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Protozoologia IMTSP, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto Mitsuyoshi","family":"Hiramoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretaria de Estado da Sa\u00fade de S\u00e3o Paulo Instituto Adolfo Lutz  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana Regina","family":"Meireles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Protozoologia IMTSP, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4697-4647","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Heitor Franco","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Protozoologia IMTSP, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2012.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12020297"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9080387"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2019.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/039463200702000302"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Profile of fatal visceral leishmaniasis at an Indian tertiary care center","volume":"28","author":"Malatesha G","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trop Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2021.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0407214"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102249.1994.tb06526.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311x00041320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244923"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2022.106371"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2022.110518"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436\u2010020\u201006851\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201847917"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(21)00056-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2008.04.001"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"311","article-title":"New developments in diagnosis of leishmaniasis","volume":"123","author":"Singh S","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"427","article-title":"Hypergammaglobulinaemia in Leishmania donovani infected hamsters: possible association with a polyclonal activator of B cells and with suppression of T cell function","volume":"59","author":"Bunn\u2010Moreno MM","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2004.08.024"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"Polyclonal B cell activation, circulating immune complexes and autoimmunity in human american visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"56","author":"Galv\u00e3o\u2010Castro B","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109276"}],"container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pim.13021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,26]],"date-time":"2024-01-26T06:14:21Z","timestamp":1706249661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pim.13021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pim.13021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pim.13021","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PIM.13021\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PIM.13021\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PIM.13021\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PIM.13021\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PIM.13021\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PIM.13021\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PIM.13021\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0141-9838","1365-3024"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-9838","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3024","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-09-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13021"}}