{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:55:05Z","timestamp":1772160905533,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Long\u2010term infection of schistosomiasis will seriously affect the liver health of patients. The serum of 334 chronic\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    patients and 149 healthy volunteers was collected. Compared with heathy people, the level of C4 (complement 4) was increased, and the level of C3 (complement 3) was in an obvious skewed distribution. ELISA was performed to detect the serum cytokines, the results showed that the levels of IFN\u2010\u03b3 (interferon\u2010\u03b3), IL (interleukin)\u20102 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 (tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1) were reduced, while the levels of Th2 cytokines (IL\u20104, IL\u20106 and IL\u201010) were increased. In the serum of patients with high C3, the secretion of HA (hyaluronic acid), LN (laminin), IV\u2010C (type IV collagen) and PCIII (type III procollagen) were increased, the activation of hepatic stellate cells was promoted. Exogenous human recombinant C3 made mice liver structure of the mice damaged and collagen deposition. IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IFN\u2010\u03b3\/IL\u20104 were decreased, while HA, LN, PCIII and IV\u2010C were increased, and the expressions of \u03b1\u2010SMA and TGF\u2010\u03b21 in liver tissues were up\u2010regulated. However, the addition of IFN\u2010\u03b3 partially reversed the effect of C3 on promoting fibrosis. High level of C3 is associated with Th2 immune response and liver fibrosis in patients with schistosomiasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.13029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T05:34:15Z","timestamp":1710135255000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["High level of\n                    <scp>C3<\/scp>\n                    is associated with Th2 immune response and liver fibrosis in patients with schistosomiasis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Xianmo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University  Jingzhou Hubei Province China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangtze University  Jingzhou Hubei Province 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