{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:54:47Z","timestamp":1772160887534,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/P018157\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/P018157\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    For decades, parasitic worms such as\n                    <jats:italic>Trichuris muris<\/jats:italic>\n                    have been maintained in laboratory animals, providing insights into host\u2013parasite interactions and host immune responses. The most used\n                    <jats:italic>T. muris<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolate is the E isolate, established in the laboratory in 1954. However, one concern with these model systems is the potential for laboratory\u2010induced selection and therefore changes in host\u2013parasite interactions. To address these concerns, we compare the E isolate with a recently isolated\n                    <jats:italic>T. muris<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolate (M isolate), established from wild house mice (\n                    <jats:italic>Mus musculus domesticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , Isle of May, UK), in their capacity to infect laboratory mice. High dose infection of C57BL\/6 mice revealed that significantly more parasites of the M isolate survived to the adult stage compared to the E isolate. Worm persistence was associated with heightened TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u201010 secretion upon parasite\u2010specific re\u2010stimulation, and higher serum IgG1 and IgG2c levels, concomitant with an increase in T\u2010bet\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and ICOS\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T effector\u2010memory cells. Differences in host response to the isolates were not as pronounced during low dose infection. Our study highlights the need for regular evaluation of lab\u2010maintained parasite isolates against freshly isolated parasites to understand whether the established lab strains remain relevant model systems for our understanding of parasitic infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.13072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T08:39:32Z","timestamp":1730363972000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>T. Muris<\/i>\n                    Infection Dynamics of a Fresh, Wild Isolate: Is the Established E Isolate Still Relevant?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7326-3114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris","family":"Mair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander\u00a0R.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Cell\u2010Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Forman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulrazzag\u00a0A.","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larisa","family":"Logunova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann\u00a0E.","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janette\u00a0E.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7148-1970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David\u00a0J.","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Cell\u2010Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6660-055X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn\u00a0J.","family":"Else","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572\u2010020\u20100171\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2020.105103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00238"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182023000963"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000046382"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200001876X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(91)90121-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.1996.d01-92.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000081907"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.3.791\u2010795.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2005.00746.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802767"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000072395"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mcpr.1997.0106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009768"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20053"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"508","article-title":"Cellular Immune Responses to the Murine Nematode Parasite Trichuris muris. 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