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One factor that may help explain variation in parasite\u2013microbiota interactions is host sex since helminths can induce sex\u2010specific changes in feeding behaviour and diet that might cascade to shape gut microbial communities. We tested this idea using an anthelmintic treatment experiment in wild Grant's gazelles (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Nanger granti<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>). We found that in males, anthelmintic treatment induced short\u2010term shifts in microbial diversity and structure within ~40\u201370\u2009days, but in females, treatment had effects on microbiota structure that emerged over a longer period of ~500\u2009days. Long\u2010term effects of treatment on the microbiota of females were potentially due to sex\u2010specific changes in feeding behaviour since deworming nearly doubled the time females spent feeding, but did not affect feeding time in males. In support of this idea, anthelmintic treatment eliminated associations between microbial diversity and diet in females, and treated females maintained a more stable abundance of microbial taxa and predicted functions. Together, these findings suggest that accounting for host traits can help uncover mechanisms, such as changes in diet, by which helminths interact with the microbiota.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.70000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T10:06:08Z","timestamp":1734775568000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Anthelmintic Treatment Reveals Sex\u2010Dependent Worm\u2013Gut Microbiota Interactions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Kate A.","family":"Sabey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avina","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Se Jin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbiome Innovation University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbiome Innovation University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8078-1913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa O.","family":"Ezenwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"},{"name":"Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00843"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aap7399"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2017.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02282"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01145-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0295"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0782-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.22595"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-008-0248-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Differences in the Diets of Female and Male Red Deer: The Meaning for Sexual Segregation","volume":"12","author":"Garcia F.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04204-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18846"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2015.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142409"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-020-00977-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-014-0554-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sublethal Effects of Parasitism on Ruminants Can Have Cascading Consequences for Ecosystems","volume":"119","author":"Koltz A. 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