{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:01:22Z","timestamp":1790654482830,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a zoonotic disease of great worldwide importance and can be prevented by vaccinating seronegative dogs. The objective of the present systematic review and meta\u2010analysis is to verify the efficacy rate of vaccines tested in dogs against CVL or\n                    <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. We used PRISMA guidelines for this review and Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, Scielo and CABI to find studies about vaccines against CVL in dogs. Articles were analysed and grouped according to the antigens used. The risk of bias analysis was performed using SYRCLE's RoB tool and meta\u2010analysis using R Statistical language. The final analysis was conducted using 22 studies that assessed DNA, excreted\/secreted proteins and subunit vaccines, involving a total of 92 animals, 96 animals and 78 animals, respectively. Regarding DNA vaccines, the analyses revealed non\u2010significant results in terms of preventing parasite presence in the organs or the onset of clinical signs. However, subunit vaccines demonstrated statistically significant results concerning parasite presence in the organs, but not when it comes to clinical signs. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference observed in parasite burden in the organs or clinical signs for the excreted\/secreted vaccines. The meta\u2010analysis indicated that subunit and excreted\/secreted protein vaccines were significantly more effective in preventing parasites in vaccinated animals compared to both DNA\u2010based vaccines and control groups. Heterogeneity among studies is a limitation, emphasising the need for standardised protocols for reliable comparisons.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.70006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,9]],"date-time":"2025-03-09T09:51:02Z","timestamp":1741513862000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["How Effective Are the Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis Vaccines Currently Being Tested in Dogs? A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1813-9740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josiane Aparecida Martiniano","family":"de P\u00e1dua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Preventiva, Escola de Veterin\u00e1ria Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais\u2014UFMG  Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7889-0096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuane Ferreira","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Universidade Federal de Lavras\u2014UFLA  Lavras Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0195-7926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafaella 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