{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T15:19:10Z","timestamp":1772637550048,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PICCS4718\u20102018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICCS4718\u20102018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["302571\/2015\u20109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302571\/2015\u20109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Kala\u2010azar, or visceral leishmaniasis (VL), is a parasitic disease caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., characterised by fever, weight loss, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and anaemia. This study evaluated the relationship between hepcidin, inflammation, iron metabolism, and hypersplenism in VL\u2010associated anaemia. In this cross\u2010sectional study, confirmed VL patients without recent transfusions were assessed. Haematological and inflammatory parameters were analysed using correlation and multivariate regression tests. Anaemia was present in 95.2% of the sample, predominantly normocytic (59.5%) and normochromic (76.2%), or microcytic (40.5%) and hypochromic (23.8%). Inflammatory markers were markedly elevated in most patients, particularly hepcidin, which was increased in 97.6% of cases (median: 351.46\u2009ng\/mL), suggesting persistent inflammation and impaired iron bioavailability. However, IL\u20106, CRP, and ferritin showed weak to moderate negative correlations with hepcidin (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.33,\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.66, and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.30, respectively). These findings highlight the complex interplay between anaemia and inflammation in kala\u2010azar, with elevated hepcidin levels and paradoxical correlations with inflammatory markers. They underscore the central role of splenomegaly in VL\u2010related anaemia and suggest potential contributions from other factors affecting iron metabolism, such as erythropoietin and erythroferrone. Understanding the dynamics of these markers throughout disease progression and treatment may further elucidate the pathophysiology of VL and support the development of targeted therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.70014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T12:36:51Z","timestamp":1752151011000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Relationship Between Hepcidin, Iron Metabolism, Inflammation and Hypersplenism in Anaemia of Kala\u2010Azar"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Alyne Ferreira De Almendra","family":"Freitas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Health and Science Federal University of Piau\u00ed  Teresina Piau\u00ed Brazil"},{"name":"Leishmaniasis Research Laboratory \u2013 LabLeish  Piau\u00ed Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adelino Soares Lima","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Costa Alvarenga Central Public Health Laboratory (LACEN)  Teresina Piau\u00ed Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camila Maria Coelho","family":"de Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Piau\u00ed  Teresina Piau\u00ed Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovana Dias","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leishmaniasis Research Laboratory \u2013 LabLeish  Piau\u00ed Brazil"},{"name":"Center for Intelligence on Emerging and Neglected Tropical Diseases (CIATEN)  Teresina Piau\u00ed Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00edlia de Sousa Ara\u00fajo Barbosa e","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Para\u00edba  Jo\u00e3o Pessoa Para\u00edba Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keline Medeiros de Ara\u00fajo","family":"Vilges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Brasilia Campus Darcy Ribeiro  Brasilia \u2010 DF Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco Mateus Alves de Morais","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Municipal Government of Jo\u00e3o Pessoa\u2010PB  Jo\u00e3o Pessoa Para\u00edba Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorcas Lamounier","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leishmaniasis Research Laboratory \u2013 LabLeish  Piau\u00ed Brazil"},{"name":"Federal University of Piau\u00ed  Teresina Piau\u00ed Brazil"},{"name":"Center for Intelligence on Emerging and Neglected Tropical Diseases (CIATEN)  Teresina Piau\u00ed Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Henrique Nery","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leishmaniasis Research Laboratory \u2013 LabLeish  Piau\u00ed Brazil"},{"name":"Federal University of Piau\u00ed  Teresina Piau\u00ed Brazil"},{"name":"Center for Intelligence on Emerging and Neglected Tropical Diseases (CIATEN)  Teresina Piau\u00ed Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008319"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"La leishmaniose visc\u00e9rale m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne: actualit\u00e9s du diagnostic biologique","volume":"100","author":"Siala E.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tunisie Medicale"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004349"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12070969"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S44267"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade (BR) \u201cLeishmanioses: Pain\u00e9is Interativos \u201d(2024) Dispon\u00edvel em https:\/\/leishmanioses.aids.gov.br\/app\/dashboards."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"371","article-title":"Haematological Investigations in Visceral Leishmaniasis","volume":"38","author":"Kager P. 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