{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:54:51Z","timestamp":1772160891013,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008895","name":"Tertiary Education Trust Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TETF\/DR&D\/CE\/NRF2020\/SETI\/105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TETF\/DR&D\/CE\/NRF2020\/SETI\/105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Around 90% of those at risk for schistosomiasis live in Africa, with urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS) prevalent in Sub\u2010Saharan Africa. This study examines\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    egg and worm antigens as cost\u2010effective diagnostic alternatives, addressing challenges in maintaining\n                    <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    in animal models. Sera and urine samples from schistosomiasis endemic and non\u2010endemic areas were analysed against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    worm (\n                    <jats:italic>Sm<\/jats:italic>\n                    SWA) and egg antigens (\n                    <jats:italic>Sm<\/jats:italic>\n                    SEA) using indirect ELISA to detect\n                    <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    specific antibodies. Microscopy was adopted as the diagnostic reference standard. Sensitivity (SS) ranged from 80% to 96%, and specificity (SP) ranged from 42% to 90%.\n                    <jats:italic>Sm<\/jats:italic>\n                    SWA showed slightly higher sensitivity than\n                    <jats:italic>Sm<\/jats:italic>\n                    SEA in negative non\u2010endemic (NNE) populations. The best area under the curve (AUC) was 0.96 for\n                    <jats:italic>Sm<\/jats:italic>\n                    SEA\u2010NNE. Both antigens performed better in diagnosing UGS in non\u2010endemic samples, suggesting their suitability among travellers arriving from endemic areas. The anti\u2010schistosomal IgG responses to\n                    <jats:italic>Sm<\/jats:italic>\n                    SWA and SEA in both negative endemic (NE) and NNE samples were statistically significant (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) compared to positive samples, except in NE sera samples tested with\n                    <jats:italic>Sm<\/jats:italic>\n                    SEA. Key findings indicate that\n                    <jats:italic>Sm<\/jats:italic>\n                    SEA and SWAP are effective diagnostic tools for\n                    <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, with high sensitivity suggesting their potential for new immunodiagnostic methods for UGS.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.70015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T03:38:02Z","timestamp":1752723482000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diagnostic Potential of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>S. mansoni<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Egg and Worm Antigens for Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Resource\u2010Limited Settings"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Kabirat A.","family":"Sulaiman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology University of Medical Sciences  Ondo Nigeria"},{"name":"Tropical Medicine &amp; Diagnostics Development Group, Seeding Graduate Laboratory University of Medical Science  Ondo Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tajudeen O.","family":"Oriade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology University of Medical Sciences  Ondo Nigeria"},{"name":"Tropical Medicine &amp; Diagnostics Development Group, Seeding Graduate Laboratory University of Medical Science  Ondo Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Auta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Federal University Dutsin\u2010Ma  Katsina Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Funmilayo I. D.","family":"Afolayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Ibadan  Ibadan Oyo Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander B.","family":"Odaibo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Ibadan  Ibadan Oyo Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafaella F. Q.","family":"Grenfell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer Rene Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz)  Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramzy G.","family":"Fatem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schistosome Biological Supply Center Theodor Bilharz Research Institute  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oyetunde T.","family":"Oyeyemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology University of Medical Sciences  Ondo Nigeria"},{"name":"Tropical Medicine &amp; Diagnostics Development Group, Seeding Graduate Laboratory University of Medical Science  Ondo Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/26895293.2023.2167870"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life13081670"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Epidemiology and Burden of Schistosoma haematobium Infection Among School Children in Osun State, Nigeria","volume":"13","author":"Akindele A. 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