{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:55:05Z","timestamp":1772160905476,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2014\/50315\u20100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2014\/50315\u20100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#30881\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#30881\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) affects the skin and mucous membranes, with a spectrum shaped by Th1\/Th2 responses. This study investigated inflammasome activation in correlation with macrophage subpopulations, tissue parasitism, and histological changes in cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. We assessed inflammasome activation, tissue parasitism, and macrophage populations by immunohistochemistry, correlating with histopathological alterations using 29 biopsies from cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Cutaneous leishmaniasis showed higher parasite density and infected macrophages than mucocutaneous leishmaniasis skin and mucosal lesions (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). CD68\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD163\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    macrophages were more abundant in cutaneous leishmaniasis (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001 and\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Inflammasome markers IL\u20101\u03b2\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and IL\u201018\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    were significantly higher in cutaneous leishmaniasis (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In cutaneous leishmaniasis, CD68\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    macrophages correlated positively with inflammasome markers, whereas in mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, CD163\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells showed strong negative correlations with IL\u20101\u03b2 and caspase\u20101. Parasite density correlated positively with inflammasome activation in cutaneous leishmaniasis but negatively in mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Findings suggest that inflammasome activation plays different roles in ATL. In cutaneous leishmaniasis, inflammasomes contribute to the inflammatory response and parasite clearance, while in mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, they are less relevant, possibly due to a more defined immune response with minimal parasitism.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.70026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T06:21:08Z","timestamp":1757917268000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Situ Evaluation of Macrophage Populations and Inflammasome Components in Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2835-3724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"de Heleno Chagas de Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Dermatologia Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8560-7298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Venicia","family":"Araujo Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patologia de Mol\u00e9stias Infcciosas (LIM\u201050), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Biosciences S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP)  S\u00e3o Vicente Brazil"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Studies of Ocean S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP)  S\u00e3o Vicente Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6566-4869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen Maria","family":"Sandoval Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patologia de Mol\u00e9stias Infcciosas (LIM\u201050), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3509-6121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vania Lucia","family":"da Ribeiro da Matta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patologia de Mol\u00e9stias Infcciosas (LIM\u201050), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8889-2805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"de Esteves de Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0165-3831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Romiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Dermatologia Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0401-1885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Belda J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Dermatologia Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1080-2440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcia","family":"Dalastra Laurenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patologia de Mol\u00e9stias Infcciosas (LIM\u201050), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Tratado de Dermatologia","author":"Belda Junior W.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000579"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12291"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2014.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"310","volume-title":"Leishmanioses do Continente Americano","author":"Azeredo\u2010Coutinho R. 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