{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T04:40:10Z","timestamp":1758861610438,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Naegleria fowleri<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> is the etiological agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), a lethal disease with a 97% mortality rate in humans. Currently, there is no vaccine that confers protection against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>N. fowleri<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>. Recently, we reported that the synthetic membrane peptide (Smp145) was considered as a vaccine candidate, since it induced 60% protection in mice immunised and challenged with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>N. fowleri<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>. The objective was to design in silico a vaccine based on the A1 domain of cholera toxin (CT), coupled to the Smp145 peptide of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>N. fowleri<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, and to evaluate its protective effect in a murine model of PAM. A bioinformatic design was performed with the Ser61Phe mutation in the active site of the A1 domain of CT (mCTA1), linked through a glycine linker to Smp145. Intraperitoneal immunisation with mCTA1\u2010Smp145, followed by challenge with a lethal dose of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>N. fowleri<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, resulted in 60% protection, confirming its protective capacity as the most relevant finding. Furthermore, increased levels of IgA and IgG were observed in sera and nasal washes, which recognised antigenic bands of mCTA1\u2010Smp145 and total extracts of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>N. fowleri<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>. Overall, we propose mCTA1\u2010Smp145 as a potential vaccine against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>N. fowleri<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, highlighting that its protective effect constitutes the main support for this proposal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.70028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T04:31:16Z","timestamp":1758169876000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immunoinformatic Design and Immunoprotective Effect of an <scp>mCTA1<\/scp>\u2010 and Smp145\u2010Based Vaccine Against <i>Naegleria fowleri<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0242-2701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frida","family":"Carrillo\u2010Morales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunobiolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular, Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional  M\u00e9xico City M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8789-370X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez\u2010S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunobiolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular, Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional  M\u00e9xico City M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Maricela","family":"Carrasco\u2010Y\u00e9pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Grupo CyMA, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Interdisciplinaria en Ciencias de la Salud y la Educaci\u00f3n, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, UNAM FES Iztacala  Tlalnepantla M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"de la Luz Ortega\u2010Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunobiolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular, Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional  M\u00e9xico City M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rub\u00e9n Armando","family":"Herrera\u2010Ceja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunobiolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular, Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional  M\u00e9xico City M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gema Lizbeth","family":"Ram\u00edrez\u2010Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Dise\u00f1o y Desarrollo de Nuevos F\u00e1rmacos e Innovaci\u00f3n Biot\u00e9cnol\u00f3gica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional  Ciudad de M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Correa\u2010Basurto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Dise\u00f1o y Desarrollo de Nuevos F\u00e1rmacos e Innovaci\u00f3n Biot\u00e9cnol\u00f3gica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional  Ciudad de M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1936-2664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sa\u00fal","family":"Rojas\u2010Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunobiolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular, Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional  M\u00e9xico City M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_19_2_1","first-page":"547","article-title":"Naegleria fowleri: Rising Cases due to a Unique Strain in Pakistan","volume":"33","author":"Afzal S. 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