{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:54:48Z","timestamp":1772160888790,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Trypanothione reductase (TryR) is a unique and key redox protein of\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania donovani,<\/jats:italic>\n                    the causative agent of visceral Leishmaniasis. In this work, we have developed a promising multiepitope vaccine using TryR. Multiple epitopes from TryR were identified using different bioinformatics tools to stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses. An adjuvant was also included to enhance the antigen presentation and immune activation. Using bioinformatics tools, immunodominant T\u2010cell and B\u2010cell epitopes of TryR were predicted, and based on the findings, a chimeric multi\u2010epitope vaccine construct was designed. The structural stability of the final construct was validated using different bioinformatics tools. Furthermore, a docking study was conducted with the human TLR4 receptor to assess the affinity of the multi\u2010epitope construct. The Ramachandran plot analysis, Z score, and ERRAT support the stability of the multi\u2010epitope vaccine candidate. Furthermore,\n                    <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    analysis showed that the multi\u2010epitope vaccine candidate has high affinity with the human TLR4 receptor and has broad efficacy based on the population coverage. Immune stimulation confirmed the pro\u2010inflammatory response with T\u2010 and B\u2010cell activation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.70030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T13:15:14Z","timestamp":1758201314000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immuno\u2010Informatics for the Rational Design of Multi\u2010Epitope Vaccine Against\n                    <i>Leishmania donovani<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Sneha","family":"Kataria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU)  Varanasi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiv","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU)  Varanasi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ehasanullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU)  Varanasi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3870-2660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vikash Kumar","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU)  Varanasi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"DPDx \u2013 Laboratory Identification of Parasites of Public Health Concern","author":"CDC","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.79.4493"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Number of Imported Cases of Visceral Leishmaniasis Reported","author":"WHO","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1236952"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.IJD_651_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-016-0112-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.12.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006969"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003773"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268251"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25042432"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11101460"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/RPS.RPS_145_24"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41496-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.6.3525"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2014.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.21078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00894-014-2278-5"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"VaxiJen: A Server for Prediction of Protective Antigens, Tumour Antigens and Subunit Vaccines","volume":"8","author":"Doytchinova I. 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