{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T18:15:50Z","timestamp":1775153750759,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004748","name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Patients undergoing haemodialysis are known to have compromised immune function, which can increase their susceptibility to infections, including intestinal parasitic diseases. These infections can manifest more severely in this population. Typically, the immune response to parasitic infections involves a shift from a Th1\u2010dominant response\u2014more effective against intracellular pathogens\u2014to a Th2\u2010dominant response, which promotes eosinophilia and IgE production. Participants were categorised into eosinophilic and non\u2010eosinophilic groups based on eosinophil counts (&lt;\u200910 cells\/mL). T\u2010bet and GATA\u20103 gene expressions were quantified using SYBR Green real\u2010time PCR. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 11.9%, including\n                    <jats:italic>Blastocystis hominis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (5.9%),\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Endolimax<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      nana\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    (3.7%),\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Entamoeba<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      coli\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    (1.5%), and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Giardia lamblia<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (0.7%). A significant association was found between parasitic infections and eosinophilia (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01). No significant difference in IgE levels was observed between the two groups. GATA\u20103 expression was significantly higher in eosinophilic patients compared to non\u2010eosinophilic ones within the 90% confidence interval. A negative correlation was identified between eosinophil count and GATA\u20103 expression (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.37,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.05). Haemodialysis patients exhibit disruptions in both humoral and cellular immune responses. Further research is necessary to elucidate the role of eosinophilia and Th1\/Th2 balance biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of mortality risk among this population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.70035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T18:48:18Z","timestamp":1759862898000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Intestinal Parasitic Infections, Eosinophilia, and Th1\/Th2 Immune Profiles in Haemodialysis Patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Azam","family":"Shafaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalil","family":"Talebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1138-1147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Zarean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8408-4664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arman","family":"Mosavat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"AmirReza","family":"Khajedaluee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2029-6577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monavvar","family":"Afzalaghaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5048-4857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Ali Akbar","family":"Shamsian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0975-6133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanaz","family":"Ahmadi Ghezeldasht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and 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