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However, there is limited information on the impact of CD154 on macrophage responses in type 2 contexts, characterised by IL\u20104\u2010induced polarisation and proliferation. CD154 restricts the polarisation and proliferation of peritoneal cavity macrophages in response to exogenous IL\u20104. Here we address the impact of CD154 on peritoneal macrophages during infection of mice with the intestinal helminth\n                    <jats:italic>Heligmosomoides polygyrus.<\/jats:italic>\n                    This strictly enteric nematode causes recruitment of Th2 cells and macrophages to the peritoneal cavity alongside type 2 polarisation and proliferation of recruited and resident macrophages. Nine days post\u2010infection, there was an increase in the expression of cell\u2010surface CD154 in CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells together with increased IL\u201013 levels in the cavity, suggestive of local antigen presentation. Blocking CD154 enhanced the proliferation of resident but not of recently recruited macrophages. CD154 blocking additionally potentiated the expression of type 2 marker Ym1 (\n                    <jats:italic>Chil3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in resident and recruited macrophages. Unexpectedly, CD154 blocking caused increases in the numbers of recently recruited macrophages and the appearance of cells with characteristics of both differentiating recruited macrophages (expression of folate receptor \u03b2 and MHCII) and resident macrophages (high\u2010level expression of F4\/80 and CD102). Together, these observations suggest that CD154 promotes the acquisition of tissue residence by recruited macrophages. Thus, our results indicate that in a helminth infection CD154 restricts certain aspects of the polarisation and proliferation of macrophages in response to type 2 cytokines while promoting the acquisition of resident phenotype by the recruited macrophages.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.70043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T05:20:12Z","timestamp":1765603212000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<scp>CD154<\/scp>\n                    Restricts Helminth\u2010Induced Macrophage Polarisation and Proliferation While Promoting Tissue Residence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Mariana","family":"Su\u00e1rez\u2010Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea Inmunolog\u00eda \u2010 Departamento de Biociencias Facultad de Qu\u00edmica \u2010 Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica  Montevideo Uruguay"},{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Parkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Dodd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conor M.","family":"Finlay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity Kidney Centre Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin  Dublin 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