{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:54:46Z","timestamp":1772160886802,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Toxocariasis is a global zoonotic parasitic disease caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Toxocara canis<\/jats:italic>\n                    that poses significant public health challenges. The development of a vaccine would provide a promising method to control toxocariasis. This study aimed to evaluate the protective efficacy of gamma\u2010 and UV\u2010irradiated embryonated\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>T. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    eggs in mice. Seventy Swiss albino mice were classified into four groups: Group (I) the normal control; Group (II) was subdivided into a positive control once (IIA) and positive control twice (IIB); Group (III) was subdivided into a gamma\u2010vaccinated control (IIIA) and gamma\u2010vaccinated challenged (IIIB); and Group (IV) was subdivided into a UV\u2010vaccinated control (IVA) and UV\u2010vaccinated challenged (IVB). On the 28th day post\u2010infection (dpi), scanning electron microscopy, parasitological, histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses were performed. Larval counts in the brains and livers of vaccinated mice were significantly decreased. Compared to the positive control groups, vaccinated groups exhibited fewer histopathological alterations, a reduced immunohistochemical expression of IL\u20101\u03b2 in the brain and CD68 in the liver, and lower IL\u20104, IL\u201010 and IgE levels in both the gamma\u2010 and UV\u2010vaccinated challenged groups. Among the two approaches, the UV\u2010irradiated vaccine demonstrated superior protective effects. These findings suggest that vaccination with irradiated\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>T. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    eggs, particularly with UV treatment, is a safe, efficient and cost\u2010effective method for immunoprophylaxis against human toxocariasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.70059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T07:57:52Z","timestamp":1768377472000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Irradiated\n                    <i>Toxocara Canis<\/i>\n                    Embryonated Eggs: A Promising Vaccination Strategy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2200-7143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shreen F.","family":"Ammar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Parasitology Department Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University  Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4727-3842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanaa N.","family":"Antonios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Parasitology Department Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University  Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0487-5659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasha A.","family":"Elmahy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department Faculty of Science, Tanta University  Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9922-0369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radwa","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy Department Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University  Tanta Egypt"},{"name":"College of Health Sciences, Al\u2010Rayan National Colleges  Al\u2010Madinah Al\u2010Munawara Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6754-6214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amina M.","family":"Salama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Parasitology Department Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University  Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2020.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.12.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249\u2010018\u20100437\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/pit066"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13\u20100725"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007809"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2020.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101290"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473\u20103099(17)30331\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049475520931545"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.12.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22579\/20112629.631"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.12.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.11.189"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","volume-title":"Vaccine\u2010Medicine Texts","author":"Siegrist C. 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