{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T23:50:27Z","timestamp":1774569027776,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Human infections caused by parasites represent a serious worldwide health issue, especially in underdeveloped countries. According to the World Health Organization,\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    ssp. is responsible for more than 70,000 deaths worldwide, mostly due to untreated visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Other species that cause non\u2010deadly cutaneous infections are also relevant; they frequently leave disfiguring scars in infected patients, as seen in those with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) or localised cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL). Mechanisms of tissue injury provoked by chronic infections with different\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    ssp. correlate with immunological imbalances in the cellular and humoral immunological milieu. This parasite triggers host responses, including the activation of antibodies and complement, programmed cell death, uncontrolled cytokine synthesis, the production of reactive oxygen species and inflammation. If\u00a0these responses are correctly balanced, they protect the infected host against chronic infection and relapse. However, when the right balance between these biological responses is disrupted, tissue damage occurs and frequently results in the death of those suffering from untreated VL or leaving disfiguring scars in MCL and LCL patients. Here, we review important mechanisms of tissue damage triggered by\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    species of human interest.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.70066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T12:04:46Z","timestamp":1772971486000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immunopathology of Leishmaniasis: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Tissue Injury Provoked by Chronic Infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5306-5287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio M.","family":"Lezama\u2010D\u00e1vila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunobiolog\u00eda, Centro de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Campeche  San Francisco de Campeche M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7940-8118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ang\u00e9lica P.","family":"Isaac\u2010M\u00e1rquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunobiolog\u00eda, Centro de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Campeche  San Francisco de Campeche M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","unstructured":"WHO 2025 https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/leishmaniasis."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","unstructured":"CDC 2025 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/leishmaniasis\/hcp\/clinical\u2010overview\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004349"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14919"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/314537a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","first-page":"322","article-title":"Generation of T\u2010Cell Function in Organ Culture of Foetal Mouse Thymus. 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