{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T07:41:56Z","timestamp":1777016516557,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Toxocara canis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the most prevalent intestinal roundworm of dogs and other canids, with significant zoonotic potential for humans. In the present study, two recombinant antigens, rTc\u2010CTL\u20101 and rTES\u2010120, were developed from the larvae of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>T. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    excretory\u2013secretory (TES) antigens by amplifying, cloning and expressing the respective genes in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . The native TES antigen was prepared from in\u00a0vitro cultivation of larvae. A total of 170 serum samples were collected from dogs above 6\u2009months of age (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200990) and below 6\u2009months of age (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200980) in the Chennai region, Tamil Nadu. The serodiagnostic potential of the recombinant rTc\u2010CTL\u20101 and rTES\u2010120 antigens was compared with that of the native TES antigen using ELISA for the detection of anti\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>Toxocara<\/jats:italic>\n                    IgG antibodies. The rTc\u2010CTL\u20101 antigen\u2010based ELISA showed that 40% of dogs above 6\u2009months and 28.8% of dogs below 6\u2009months were positive, whereas the rTES\u2010120 antigen detected 35.6% and 22.5% positivity in the respective age groups. In comparison, the native TES antigen\u2010based ELISA detected 58.9% positivity in dogs above 6\u2009months and 38.8% in dogs below 6\u2009months of age. Among the three antigens, the highest percentage of seropositivity as well as the highest antibody titre was detected with the native TES antigen, followed by the recombinant rTc\u2010CTL\u20101 antigen and the lowest with the TES\u2010120 antigen. Statistical analysis showed a highly significant difference in seropositivity between the recombinant and native TES antigens (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u200915.52,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), while no significant difference was observed between the recombinant antigens (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.09,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). However, a highly significant difference was observed between the age groups of dogs when using the native TES antigen (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20096.87,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Detection of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>T. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    eggs in faecal samples revealed that only 12.2% of adult dogs were positive, whereas 60% of pups were positive. In contrast, the IgG ELISA test detected more positive cases in adult dogs compared to faecal examination. It was concluded that the IgG\u2010based ELISA using either recombinant or native TES antigens is a reliable tool for detecting migratory larval infection in adult dogs, with a fairly high degree of sensitivity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.70079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T11:37:59Z","timestamp":1775561879000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serological Detection of Canine Toxocarosis Using Recombinant and Native\n                    <i>Toxocara canis<\/i>\n                    Excretory\u2013Secretory Antigens: A Comparative\n                    <scp>ELISA<\/scp>\n                    Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1207-8780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaveri Theerthagiri","family":"Kavitha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Parasitology Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University  Thanjavur India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2875-4034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chirukandoth","family":"Sreekumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife Science Madras Veterinary College  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4710-1293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manickam","family":"Asokkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary College and Research Institute  Salem India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0810-4827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manivasagam","family":"Aravind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Parasitology Veterinary College and Research Institute  Theni India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2765-0241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angappan Mangala","family":"Gowri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centralized Instrumentation Laboratory Madras Veterinary College  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.2.265-272.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036235"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2008.01163.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000091603"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318165f1e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"609","article-title":"Detection of Circulating Toxocaral Antigens in Dogs by Sandwich Enzyme\u2010Immune Assay","volume":"51","author":"Matsumura K.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"70","article-title":"Cloning and Expression of Toxocara canis Arginine Kinase Recombinant Protein for Serodetection of Toxocarosis in Dogs","volume":"27","author":"Bagde V.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2009.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2001.39.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.4.1409-1413.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2008.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-0813.2019.00013.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-29612014060"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-024-00940-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-0813.2022.00004.3"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"54","article-title":"Molecular Cloning and Sequence Analysis of TES\u2010120 Gene of Toxocara canis Excretory\u2010Secretory Antigen","volume":"51","author":"Kavitha K. T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Veterinary Parasitology","author":"Urquhart G. M.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"150","volume-title":"Helminthes, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domestic Animals","author":"Soulsby E. J. L.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822003000500013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00134-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-021-00464-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00928685"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000300003"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","first-page":"198","article-title":"Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Larva Migrans of Toxocara canis in Dogs From Mexicali Baja California, Mexico","volume":"6","author":"Gracia L. T.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.20126"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0174-3031(82)80048-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0174-3031(83)80183-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0174-3031(83)80075-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33899\/ijvs.2019.163081"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1989.41.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(03)00082-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408419709115138"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3282142"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1984.tb00779.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2013.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(86)90035-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12248"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1523"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Epidemiological Survey of Gastro\u2010Intestinal Parasites of Non\u2010Descript Dogs in Nagpur City","volume":"2","author":"Khante G. S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Veterinary World"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-012-0207-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-014-0480-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101443"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.12.035"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Prevalence of Helminth Parasites of Dogs and Owners Awareness About Zoonotic Parasites in Ambo Town, Central Ethiopia","volume":"14","author":"Endrias Z.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ethiopian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","first-page":"72","article-title":"Prevalence of Toxocara spp. Eggs in the Soil of Public Parks in Ankara Turkey","volume":"107","author":"Oge S.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Deutsche Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.36.3.2717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"A Serological Study of Human Toxocariasis in North India","volume":"15","author":"Malla N.","year":"2002","journal-title":"National Medical Journal of India"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Toxocariasis in Children in Kashmir, India","volume":"3","author":"Dar Z. A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ap-2017-0093"}],"container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pim.70079","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/pim.70079","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pim.70079","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T07:00:27Z","timestamp":1777014027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pim.70079"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pim.70079"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pim.70079","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-9838","1365-3024"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-9838","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3024","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70079"}}