{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T08:22:06Z","timestamp":1787559726874,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Human babesiosis is an emerging disease in North America caused by the red blood cell (RBC)\u2013infecting parasite\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Babesia microti<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Despite a rise in clinical cases in recent years, the pathogenesis and host immune response to\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    infection remain unclear. CD47 is a \u2018marker of self\u2019 transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on cell membranes that inhibits phagocytosis through interactions with macrophage signal\u2010regulatory protein alpha (SIRP\u03b1). We posit that disruption of CD47\u2010SIRP\u03b1 signalling will induce macrophage uptake of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Babesia\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    infected RBCs and reduce parasitaemia in susceptible hosts. To evaluate this, we compared the in\u00a0vivo clearance of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in CD47 knockout (CD47\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) mice and wild\u2010type C57BL\/6J mice. Our results showed pronounced differences in infection kinetics between the two mouse strains. C57BL\/6J mice showed steadily increasing parasitaemia that peaked at an average of 12%, whereas CD47\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice exhibited parasitaemia that never exceeded 1.5% throughout infection. Parasitaemia became undetectable by Day 21 in C57BL\/6J and by Day 16 in CD47\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice, indicating resolution of infection. These results imply that, in the absence of CD47, growth of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    is diminished due to more efficient phagocytosis of infected RBCs by macrophages. We propose that CD47\u2010SIRP\u03b1 signalling plays a key role in the innate response to\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and suggest CD47 modulation as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of babesiosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.70099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:39:47Z","timestamp":1786063187000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disruption of the\n                    <scp>CD47<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>SIRP\u03b1<\/scp>\n                    Axis Causes Profound Reduction of Parasitaemia in Mice Infected With\n                    <i>Babesia microti<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Shamim","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ATCC  Manassas Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana","family":"Brasov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ATCC  Manassas Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4655-314X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Gottshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ATCC  Manassas Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Robins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ATCC  Manassas Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujatha","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ATCC  Manassas Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3712-0850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Bradford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ATCC  Manassas Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4357-8940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert E.","family":"Molestina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ATCC  Manassas Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"E. B.Gray A. M.Niknafs andB. L.Herwaldt \u201cSurveillance for Babesiosis\u2014United States 2017. Annual Summary \u201d2019 accessed January 5 2020 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/parasites\/babesiosis\/resources\/babesiosis_surveillance_summary_2017b.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2018.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00022-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003387"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10111447"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/525852"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2020.1752193"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac473"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02128-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5473.2051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.4.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203287200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/abt\/tbaa017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12527"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01426-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1418144112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1907653118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2018.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01365-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antib9030044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01293-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb43030086"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47963-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13020123"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601193"}],"container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pim.70099","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/pim.70099","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pim.70099","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T08:06:52Z","timestamp":1787558812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pim.70099"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pim.70099"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pim.70099","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-9838","1365-3024"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-9838","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3024","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70099"}}