{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:03:13Z","timestamp":1790161393548,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection causes egg\u2010induced hepatic granulomatous inflammation together with extensive remodelling of host immunity. Although infection is known to progress from early Th1\u2010associated immunity to egg\u2010driven type 2 responses, the temporal relationships among egg\u2010induced pathology, CD4+ T\u2010cell polarization, T follicular helper (Tfh)\u2010like phenotypes and parasite\u2010specific humoral immunity remain incompletely defined. We therefore infected BALB\/c mice with\n                    <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and examined them at serial time points after infection, assessing hepatic histopathology, serum ALT and AST activities, T\u2010cell frequencies, cytokine\u2010producing CD4+ T cells, helper\u2010lineage transcription factors, PD\u20101 and ICOS expression on T cells, PD\u2010L1 and ICOSL expression on B cells, CXCR5+ICOS+ phenotypic Tfh\u2010like cells and serum SEA\u2010specific IgG, with five biologically independent mice at each time point. Egg\u2010associated hepatic granulomas first became apparent at week 5, enlarged during the middle stage of infection and regressed at later time points. Early infection was characterized by increased IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2010producing CD4+ T cells and elevated Tbx21 expression; following egg deposition, IL\u20104\u2010, IL\u201017A\u2010 and IL\u201021\u2010producing CD4+ T cells and Gata3, Rorc and Bcl6 expression increased, and PD\u20101 and ICOS on CD4+ T cells together with PD\u2010L1 and ICOSL on B cells changed dynamically over the course of infection. By week 8, CXCR5+ICOS+ Tfh\u2010like cells were increased in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and peripheral blood, and SEA\u2010specific IgG had risen markedly after egg deposition and correlated positively with the frequency of splenic CXCR5+ICOS+ CD4+ T cells (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    = 0.3979,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Egg deposition thus represents a temporal immunological transition point in\n                    <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection: the onset of egg\u2010induced hepatic pathology coincides with the shift from early Th1\u2010associated features to Th2\u2010, Th17\u2010, Tfh\u2010like and SEA\u2010specific humoral responses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.70100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T07:46:21Z","timestamp":1789803981000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Egg Deposition\u2010Associated Immune Transition and Tfh\u2010Like Humoral Features During\n                    <i>Schistosoma japonicum<\/i>\n                    Infection in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Zhen","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Yixing People's Hospital  Yixing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8579-6681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Jiangnan University  Wuxi Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanping","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Jiangnan University  Wuxi Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyi","family":"Shui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Jiangnan University  Wuxi Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Jiangnan University  Wuxi Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7383-1505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cuiping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5984-2451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangnan University Medical Center  Wuxi Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases  Wuxi Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61949-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0013-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri843"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.173.1.159"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.107725"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69440-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"1673","article-title":"Dysregulation of the Th17\/Treg Axis in the Liver of Schistosoma Japonicum\u2010Infected Mice","volume":"119","author":"Zheng L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"275","article-title":"The Isolation, Characterization and Serological Activity of Two Cationic Proteins From \n                     Schistosoma mansoni\n                   Eggs","volume":"45","author":"Dunne D. 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