{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:02:28Z","timestamp":1790380948906,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001724","name":"International Foundation for Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I\u20101\u2010F\u20106443\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I\u20101\u2010F\u20106443\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001724","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Malaria is still a pressing global health challenge, especially in sub\u2010Saharan Africa, where behavioural factors such as alcohol consumption may exacerbate its impact. The present study is aimed at investigating the pathogenesis of alcohol\u2010exacerbated malaria in\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium berghei<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010infected an animal model (mice). Mice were separated into four treatment groups: control, alcohol control,\n                    <jats:italic>P. berghei<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>P. berghei<\/jats:italic>\n                    plus acute alcohol treatment groups. Animals were infected with malaria through intraperitoneal injection of\n                    <jats:italic>P. berghei<\/jats:italic>\n                    and an acute dose of ethanol (20% v\/v, oral) was introduced 48\u2009h post\u2010infection. Parasitaemia was monitored using the Giemsa\u2010stained thin blood smears. Haematological parameters were assessed using an automated blood analyser. Liver function was evaluated by measuring serum levels of AST and ALT; oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH) were evaluated, and cytokine profiles (TNF\u2010\u03b1, IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u20106, IL\u20101\u03b2) were quantified using ELISA kits. Results show that acute alcohol intake led to a significant increase in parasitaemia in the\n                    <jats:italic>P. berghei<\/jats:italic>\n                    group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Haematological analysis revealed a significant (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) reduction in RBC count, haemoglobin levels, haematocrit percentage, platelet count and others in the\n                    <jats:italic>P. berghei<\/jats:italic>\n                    plus acute alcohol treatment group. Liver enzyme assays revealed elevated AST and ALT levels (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) in the\n                    <jats:italic>P. berghei<\/jats:italic>\n                    group, due to acute alcohol. Cytokine analysis revealed a significant (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) upregulation of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines (TNF\u2010\u03b1, IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u20106), due to acute alcohol. Oxidative stress was significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) increased, evidenced by significant elevation of MDA and significant depletions in GSH, SOD and CAT, due to acute alcohol. These results suggest that alcohol exacerbates malaria pathogenesis by increasing parasitaemia, promoting immune dysregulation, liver injury and oxidative stress, in a murine model.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.70105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T23:41:00Z","timestamp":1790379660000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pathogenesis of Alcohol\u2010Exacerbated Malaria in\n                    <i>Plasmodium berghei<\/i>\n                    \u2010Infected Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8487-6154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bertrand Yuwong","family":"Wanyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science University of Buea  Buea Cameroon"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Higher Teachers Training College University of Buea  Buea Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kou\u00e9mou Em\u00e9gam","family":"Nad\u00e8ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science University of Buea  Buea Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7851-559X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Methodius Shinyuy","family":"Lahngong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicine (CIRM) ULi\u00e8ge  Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen Tiku","family":"Nda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea  Buea Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Tita","family":"Jugha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science University of Buea  Buea Cameroon"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Higher Teachers Training College University of Buea  Buea Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2264-1218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrice Ambe","family":"Ngwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science University of Buea  Buea Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7771-0268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Germain Sotoing","family":"Taiwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science University of Buea  Buea Cameroon"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Higher Teachers Training College University of Buea  Buea Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"242","article-title":"Malaria Endemicity in Sub\u2010Saharan Africa: Past and Present Issues in Public Health","volume":"4","author":"Kolawole E. 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