{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T19:16:18Z","timestamp":1773515778615,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,18]],"date-time":"2013-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We examined 152 aortic valves (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AVs<\/jats:styled-content>), which included 82 postmortem non\u2010dysfunctional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AVs<\/jats:styled-content> (nd\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AVs<\/jats:styled-content>) and 70 surgically removed dysfunctional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AVs<\/jats:styled-content> showing aortic stenosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content>), aortic regurgitation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content>), or combined <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>). Fat cells, membranous fat necrosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFN<\/jats:styled-content>), and fat\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related lesions composed of fat cells and\/or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFN<\/jats:styled-content> were found in 127 (83.6%), 110 (72.4%), and 140 (92.1%) of 152 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AVs<\/jats:styled-content>, respectively, and all were associated with older age (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.010, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.022, and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003, respectively). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFN<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with fibrous thickening and calcification (both, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Nd<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AV<\/jats:styled-content> fat cells and fat\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related lesions were not correlated with body mass index. Compared with age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched control cases, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFN<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010R cases was more frequent (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.030 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.045, respectively), but <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFN<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content> cases showed no significant differences. Fat\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related lesions, possibly representing true preceding fat cells, showed no differences in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AVs<\/jats:styled-content> with and without dysfunction or in dysfunctional types. These data suggest that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AV<\/jats:styled-content> fat cells are age\u2010related, obesity\u2010independent, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AV<\/jats:styled-content> dysfunction\u2010unrelated common phenomenon. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFN<\/jats:styled-content> is also age\u2010dependent and could be caused by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010R, which is probably concerned with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AV<\/jats:styled-content> thickening and calcification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.12074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,19]],"date-time":"2013-07-19T04:47:32Z","timestamp":1374209252000},"page":"345-352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Fat cells and membranous fat necrosis of aortic valves: A clinicopathological study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Susumu","family":"Matsukuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Japan Self\u2010Defense Forces Central Hospital  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Health Care Center Japan Self\u2010Defense Forces Central Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Takeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Japan Self\u2010Defense Forces Central Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takako","family":"Kono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Japan Self\u2010Defense Forces Central Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimiya","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Japan Self\u2010Defense Forces Central Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"345","article-title":"Aging changes in the aortic and mitral valves","volume":"46","author":"Sell S","year":"1965","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(87)80356-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/45.2.M33"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"921","article-title":"Pathology and etiology of 110 consecutively removed aortic valves","volume":"87","author":"Chuangsuwanich T","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2005.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"231","volume-title":"Major Problems in Pathology","author":"Virmani R","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-005-0072-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.07.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2007.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2008.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2007.12.086"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Histology for Pathologists","author":"Brooks JSJ","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-007-0430-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198601000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.1996.252292.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2008.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00619579"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"823","article-title":"Incidence of membranous lipodystrophylike change among patients with limb necrosis caused by chronic arterial obstruction","volume":"108","author":"Machinami R","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2008.01049.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"539","article-title":"A lipid metabolic disease \u2013 \u2018membranous lipodystrophy\u2019 \u2013 an autopsy case demonstrating numerous peculiar membrane\u2010structures composed of compound lipid in bone and bone marrow and various adipose tissues","volume":"23","author":"Nasu T","year":"1973","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Jpn"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"1553","volume-title":"Braunwald's Heart Disease. 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