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The typical morphology of syphilitic lymphadenitis includes: (i) well preserved or partially destroyed lymph node structure; (ii) reactive hyperplasia of lymph follicles with broadened germinal centers in the cortex and medulla of the lymph node; (iii) thickened fibrotic lymph node capsules with infiltration of plasma cells; and (iv) phlebitis and endarteritis in varying degree. Additional morphology includes: (i) focal histiocytes with ingested debris; (ii) noncaseating granuloma with epithelioid histiocytes and disperse giant cells; and (iii) hyperplastic centroblast and occasionally isolated mononuclear <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>eed\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>ternberg cell\u2010like giant cells. <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>reponema pallidum<\/jats:italic> was identified in 15 of the 16 cases by immunohistochemical staining. The histopathological diagnosis of syphilitic lymphadenitis poses difficulty in differentiation from other infectious or neoplastic lymphadenopathies. The newly established <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>reponema pallidum<\/jats:italic> antibody is sensitive to identification of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>reponema pallidum<\/jats:italic> in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.12384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,27]],"date-time":"2016-01-27T08:23:26Z","timestamp":1453883006000},"page":"142-147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Diagnostic pitfalls in pathological diagnosis of infectious disease: patients with syphilitic lymphadenitis often present with inconspicuous history of infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Zhiyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Shandong University School of Medicine  Jinan Shandong China"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Shandong University Qilu 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