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Therefore, several animal models are used in research on influenza virus infection. We have used a nonhuman primate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHP<\/jats:styled-content>) model to extrapolate pathogenicity of various influenza viruses and efficacy of vaccines and antiviral drugs against the influenza viruses in humans. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHP<\/jats:styled-content>s have genes, anatomical structure, and immune responses similar to those of humans as compared to other animal models. Using an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHP<\/jats:styled-content> model, we revealed that the pandemic 2009 influenza <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content> virus caused viral pneumonia as reported in human patients. Thus, it is thought that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHP<\/jats:styled-content> models can be used to predict replication of emerging viruses in humans. We also examined the pathogenicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses and evaluated a new therapeutic antibody in macaques under an immunocompromised condition. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHP<\/jats:styled-content> models have provided promising results in research on other infectious diseases including <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>bola virus and human\/simian immunodeficiency virus infections. Thus, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHP<\/jats:styled-content>s are important in biomedical research for determining the pathogenesis and for development of treatments, especially when clinical trials are difficult. 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