{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T18:13:37Z","timestamp":1789841617719,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,18]],"date-time":"2016-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Mutation of <jats:italic>KIT<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>PDGFRA<\/jats:italic> genes is implicated in the tumorigenesis. Approximately 10% of GISTs do not harbor mutation of these genes, and they are designated as \u201cwild type\u201d GIST. They are classified into succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)\u2010deficient and non\u2010SDH\u2010deficient groups. SDH\u2010deficient group includes Carney triad and Carney Stratakis syndrome. The patients are young women. Tumors occur in the antrum of the stomach, and tumor cells are epithelioid. Lymph node metastasis is frequent. The non\u2010SDH\u2010deficient group includes neurofibromatosis (NF) type 1 and GISTs with mutations of <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>KRAS,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>PIK3CA<\/jats:italic> and with the <jats:italic>ETV6\u2010NTRK3<\/jats:italic> fusion gene. GIST in NF occurs in the small intestine, and tumor cells are spindle shaped. GIST with <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic> mutation arises in the small intestine. Attention to the age, gender, family history and other neoplasms may raise the prediction of syndromic disease. Location of the tumor, morphology, and pleomorphism of the tumor cells are further informative. Lymphovascular invasion should be carefully evaluated. The determination of KIT expression is essential for the diagnosis. When wild type GIST is suspected, intensive genetic analysis is required. Further, a careful and long\u2010time observation is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.12431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,18]],"date-time":"2016-07-18T05:52:55Z","timestamp":1468821175000},"page":"431-437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["\u201cWild type\u201d GIST: Clinicopathological features and clinical practice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Ryuichi","family":"Wada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology Nippon Medical School  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology Nippon Medical School  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoko","family":"Kure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology Nippon Medical School  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Xia","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology Nippon Medical School  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zenya","family":"Naito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology Nippon Medical School  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5350.577"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60106-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2013.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0346-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2013-101695"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2010.185"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-14-0254"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3009961"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201904"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1009199108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3182671155"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3182671178"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000176433.81079.bd"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.20589"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPPCKGA2QGBJ1R"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2015.160"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-2230"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4677"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737140.2015.1032941"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000418"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197706302962609"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/74.6.543"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181c20f4f"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10235"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19970601)79:11<2125::AID-CNCR9>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2004.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2006.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12328-013-0403-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/den.12149"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-008-0449-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","first-page":"461","article-title":"Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) from risk stratification systems to the new TNM proposal: more questions than answers? 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