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Meanwhile, intraoperative pathology consultation with frozen section assessment (FSA), particularly for histological diagnosis of the lesions incidentally found or enlarged or sentinel lymph nodes, generally provides critical information which enables immediate decision making for optimal patient care. The intraoperative evaluation of surgical margins is also often requested, although there are some differences in its application between institutions and surgeons. Importantly, it remains to be determined whether intraoperative FSA indeed contributes to reducing the risk of final positive margins and thereby improving long\u2010term patient outcomes. This review summarizes available data indicating the potential impact of FSA at the surgical margins during urological surgeries, including radical or partial cystectomy, partial nephrectomy, radical prostatectomy, penectomy, and orchiectomy. The accuracy and pitfalls of the intraoperative consultation\/FSA diagnosis are also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.13132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T21:39:16Z","timestamp":1624311556000},"page":"567-580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Intraoperative pathology consultation during urological surgery: Impact on final margin status and pitfalls of frozen section diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7610-7769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine and Urology University of Rochester Medical Center  Rochester New York 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