{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T04:14:39Z","timestamp":1789532079324,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pathology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti\u2010cytotoxic T\u2010lymphocyte antigen\u20104 and anti\u2010programmed death\u20101 antibodies are effective against malignant tumors. However, they induce unique adverse events known as immune\u2010related adverse events. Hypophysitis is one of the most frequent immune\u2010related adverse events of anti\u2010cytotoxic T\u2010lymphocyte antigen\u20104 therapies. However, there have been few reports describing the pathological findings of hypophysitis induced by anti\u2010programmed death\u20101 antibodies. The present case is the first autopsy case of hypophysitis induced by nivolumab monotherapy, an anti\u2010programmed death\u20101 antibody. Pathologically, lymphocytes infiltrated the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and the number of pituitary cells, especially adrenocorticotropic hormone\u2010positive cells, decreased. However, necrosis and remarkable fibrosis were not observed. Immunohistologically, some pituitary cells expressed programmed death\u2010ligand 1. Lymphocytes were predominantly CD8\u2010positive T cells, and CD68\u2010positive macrophages and CD20\u2010positive B\u2010cells were also observed. IgG and C4d were deposited on pituitary cells, but IgG4 (a subclass of nivolumab) was not detected. These findings indicate that type IVc and type II hypersensitivity mechanisms may occur in hypophysitis induced by anti\u2010programmed death\u20101 antibodies and that the inflammatory mechanisms underlying hypophysitis induced by anti\u2010programmed death\u20101 and anti\u2010cytotoxic T\u2010lymphocyte antigen\u20104 antibodies are different.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.13161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T14:58:44Z","timestamp":1631285924000},"page":"831-836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["An autopsy case study of lymphocytic hypophysitis induced by nivolumab treatment for esophageal malignant melanoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7683-9716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naota","family":"Okabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Pathology Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center Omiya Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takaaki","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Home Clinic for Everyone Fuchu Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junji","family":"Furuse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Kyorin University School of Medicine Mitaka Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masachika","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Kyorin University School of Medicine Mitaka Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8985-4154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kamma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Kyorin University School of Medicine Mitaka Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2015.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2015-0509"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2016.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2017.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1406498"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3773"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-2424"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-4075"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02742.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2012.33.3561"}],"container-title":["Pathology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pin.13161","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/pin.13161","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pin.13161","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T02:08:14Z","timestamp":1693188494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pin.13161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pin.13161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pin.13161","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1320-5463","1440-1827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1320-5463","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-02-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}