{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T03:04:16Z","timestamp":1777950256447,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pathology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Smoothelin, a cytoskeletal protein expressed in smooth muscle cells (SMCs), colocalizes with \u03b1\u2010smooth muscle actin and is typically restricted to the cytoplasm. Interestingly, in malignant smooth muscle tumors (SMTs), particularly uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS), aberrant nuclear localization of smoothelin has been observed, though the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To investigate, 99 uterine SMT cases were analyzed, comprising 26 LMS and 73 non\u2010LMS (typical leiomyoma, cellular leiomyoma, mitotically active leiomyoma, and tumors of uncertain malignant potential). Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations included mitotic activity, Ki\u201067 index, and smoothelin expression. In vitro, two humans uterine LMS cell lines (SK\u2010LMS\u20101, SK\u2010UT\u20101) and a primary uterine SMC line under proliferative conditions were examined. Nuclear smoothelin expression was significantly more frequent in LMS compared with non\u2010LMS. Within LMS tissues, both cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity were noted. Smoothelin\u2010positive regions exhibited significantly higher mitotic activity, whereas Ki\u201067 labeling and nuclear size variation showed no association with localization. In cultured LMS cells, proliferation correlated with increased nuclear smoothelin positivity. These findings suggest that smoothelin is linked to proliferative capacity in SMTs, and its altered subcellular distribution may have potential utility in the pathological evaluation of SMTs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.70110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T16:09:53Z","timestamp":1775405393000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of Smoothelin, a Cytoskeletal Component of Smooth Muscle Cells, With the Proliferative Features of Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1337-2460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayaka","family":"Shimodai\u2010Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Division of Human Pathology Nihon University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2882-8785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenta","family":"Uto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Division of Human Pathology Nihon University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillaume van","family":"Eys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuya","family":"Denda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Division of Human Pathology Nihon University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Nihon University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Division of Human Pathology Nihon University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Kawana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nihon University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Division of Human Pathology Nihon University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000022407.91111.E4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2006.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.101992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2022.2091925"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/919323"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAI.0000000000000619"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181b76477"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2013-201797"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199406000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"W. 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