{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T18:47:06Z","timestamp":1782499626453,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP 26310209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP 26310209"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pathology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Homology is a mathematical concept involving two Betti numbers\u2014\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    , representing the number of independent objects, and\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    , representing the number of holes formed by surrounding objects\u2014which can be used to quantify the contact degree. We previously demonstrated the use of a homology\u2010based method to diagnose advanced colorectal cancer. It is clinically important to discriminate adenoma, especially high\u2010grade adenoma, and early\u2010stage cancer from non\u2010cancerous tissue; thus, it was of interest to evaluate whether our homology\u2010based method could also diagnose adenoma and early\u2010stage cancer. In the present study, we developed a homology\u2010based application to calculate\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    values for a region of interest, and used it to analyze normal tissue, adenoma, and early\u2010stage cancer from the colorectum. Area correction was required for proper comparison of\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    values. We found that area\u2010corrected\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    values were significantly higher in high\u2010grade adenoma and early\u2010stage cancer, compared to normal tissue. Although there remains a need for further development of the algorithm to discriminate low\u2010grade adenoma and inflammatory regions, our present findings indicate that our homology\u2010based method using Betti numbers can be useful for distinguishing high\u2010grade adenoma and early\u2010stage cancer from normal tissue, as well as advanced colorectal cancer.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.70143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T04:57:03Z","timestamp":1782277023000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Homology\u2010Based Application to Diagnose Colorectal Adenoma and Early\u2010Stage Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8542-8588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhki","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Osaka Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Kanayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Sciences Kobe University Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miwa","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Science and Technology Hiroshima International University Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Hatori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiki","family":"Asano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Pathology Osaka University Hospital Osaka 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