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Drought and heat stress, particularly in arid and semi\u2010arid regions, have seriously affected barley production.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>This study explored the separate and interactive effects of silicon (Si) and hydrogen sulphide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S) on plant growth and mitigation of the adverse effects of heat stress (DS) and drought stress (HS) in a barley pot experiment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The impacts of simultaneous DS\u2009+\u2009HS were more severe than individual stresses due to increased ROS production, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and higher electrolyte leakage (EL), thereby leading to reduced water, protein and photosynthetic pigment content. Exogenously applied Si and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S alleviated the DS\u2010, HS\u2010 and DS\u2009+\u2009HS\u2010induced effects on barley by reducing ROS production, MDA and EL. A single application of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S or Si\u2009+\u2009H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S increased plant biomass under all stress conditions, which can be ascribed to higher Si accumulation in barley shoots. A single application of Si or H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S significantly increased plant biomass. However, Si\u2009+\u2009H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S was the most effective treatment for metabolite accumulation and elevating activity of antioxidant enzymes to prevent toxicity from oxidative stress. This treatment also modulated osmolyte content, enhanced antioxidant activity and regulated the stress signalling\u2010related endogenous hormones, abscisic acid (ABA) and indole acetic acid (IAA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Exogenous treatments regulated endogenous H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S and Si and resulted in higher tolerance to individual and combined drought and heat stress in barley.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.13374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T17:15:50Z","timestamp":1638983750000},"page":"684-696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Interactive effects of hydrogen sulphide and silicon enhance drought and heat tolerance by modulating hormones, antioxidant defence enzymes and redox status in barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare<\/i> L.)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2716-2267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Naz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences COMSATS University Islamabad  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Gul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences COMSATS University Islamabad  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Zahoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences COMSATS University Islamabad  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Nosheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences COMSATS University Islamabad  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Yasmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences COMSATS University Islamabad  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Keyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences COMSATS University Islamabad  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Shahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences COMSATS University Islamabad  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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