{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T21:36:01Z","timestamp":1767994561889,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006668","name":"Fondo para la Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PICT\u20102021\u2010I\u2010INVI\u201000649 to MMS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT\u20102021\u2010I\u2010INVI\u201000649 to MMS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Biol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Plant reproduction is influenced not only by individual flower characteristics but also by the arrangement of flowers within inflorescences. In bee\u2010pollinated plants with protandrous flowers in vertical acropetal inflorescences \u2014 where male fertile flower structures mature before female ones and basal flowers open first (i.e., Darwin's inflorescence configuration) \u2014 male\u2010phase flowers are positioned above female\u2010phase flowers. This arrangement benefits from the upward foraging motion of bees, reducing pollen transfer between flowers of the same plant and increasing pollen export. Additionally, female\u2010biased nectar production in these species could reinforce upward bee movement, further reducing self\u2010pollen transfer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We conducted a comparative study of 112 hermaphrodite angiosperm species with temporal separation of male and female reproductive functions (i.e., dichogamy) to explore whether female\u2010biased nectar production is common among bee\u2010pollinated species with Darwin's inflorescence configuration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Our results revealed female\u2010biased nectar production in bee\u2010pollinated species with Darwin's inflorescence configuration. In the absence of bee pollination, species with this type of inflorescence exhibit male\u2010biased nectar production. Gender\u2010biased nectar production is absent in species lacking this inflorescence type.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Female\u2010biased nectar production in vertical acropetal inflorescences with protandrous flowers likely evolved independently in different bee\u2010pollinated species to enhance pollen export. Our study emphasizes the need for microevolutionary research on how nectar production patterns adapt to bee pollination in species with Darwin's inflorescence configuration.\u00a0It also calls for investigation into the developmental biases influencing nectar production in plants with dichogamous flowers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.13768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T06:45:29Z","timestamp":1738046729000},"page":"218-223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Female\u2010biased nectar production is associated with the Darwin's inflorescence syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8237-7746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. M.","family":"Strelin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biolog\u00eda Vegetal (CONICET\u2010UNC)  C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ecolog\u00eda de la Polinizaci\u00f3n, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA (CONICET\u2014Universidad Nacional del Comahue)  San Carlos de Bariloche R\u00edo Negro Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. S.","family":"Gavini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ecolog\u00eda de la Polinizaci\u00f3n, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA (CONICET\u2014Universidad Nacional del Comahue)  San Carlos de Bariloche R\u00edo Negro Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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