{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T07:19:50Z","timestamp":1782890390140,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/07357\u20105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/07357\u20105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Productivity Research Grant 301773\/2019\u20100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Productivity Research Grant 301773\/2019\u20100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Biol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Social learning comprises the processes by which individuals acquire new information about environment and behaviour through observation and interaction with their parents and members of their community. In the orchid genus\n                          <jats:italic>Vanill<\/jats:italic>\n                          a, seed dispersal is mediated by vertebrates. Although primates have never been observed consuming vanilla pods under experimental conditions, monkeys have been proposed as possible seed dispersers of\n                          <jats:italic>Vanilla<\/jats:italic>\n                          in Central Brazil.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Here, I investigate mechanisms involved in the attraction and rewarding of seed dispersers of a Neotropical\n                          <jats:italic>Vanilla<\/jats:italic>\n                          based on field observations, morpho\u2010anatomy of fruits and seeds, analysis of fragrances, reward substances, and examination of seed viability through the digestive tract. In addition, an experiment has been conducted to examine whether fruit consumption in\n                          <jats:italic>Vanilla<\/jats:italic>\n                          may involve some kind of social learning.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Dehiscent fruits of\n                          <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                          .\n                          <jats:italic>pompona<\/jats:italic>\n                          are consumed by mammals: monkeys, rats, and marsupials. Besides providing nutritive rewards in the placenta and funiculus, the fruit wall is rich in calcium oxalate crystals, which are toxic to mammals. Consequently, seed dispersers access the fruit cavity through the fruit valves. While primates are the main seed dispersers in natural populations, no monkeys consume fruits outside the\n                          <jats:italic>Vanilla<\/jats:italic>\n                          habitat.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          <jats:italic>Vanilla<\/jats:italic>\n                          fruits are consumed by both diurnal and nocturnal mammals, evidencing the importance of both visual and olfactory cues in the attraction of seed dispersers. Unrecognized or harmful fruits seem to be a poor choice for consumption in resource\u2010rich environments. Monkeys require a period of resource scarcity to be stimulated and learn how to safely consume\n                          <jats:italic>Vanilla<\/jats:italic>\n                          fruits. After incorporating such fruits into the diet of knowledgeable individuals, the information is transmitted to na\u00efve individuals through social learning. This is the first study to describe monkeys as seed dispersers in orchids.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.70018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T05:40:52Z","timestamp":1743054052000},"page":"584-591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Monkey as seed dispersers of Neotropical\n                    <i>Vanilla<\/i>\n                    involves social learning"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0355-8363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. R.","family":"Pansarin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Systematics of Plants, Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry","author":"Adams R.P.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10722-007-9260-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Culture and the evolutionary process","author":"Boyd R.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/410789"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678-3921.pab2023.v58.03308"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11233311"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Plant histochemistry and cytochemistry: an introduction","author":"Gahan P.B.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Social learning. 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