{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:53:50Z","timestamp":1786121630072,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB\u20101737878"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB\u20101737878"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022008","name":"Organization for Tropical Studies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Donald & Beverly Stone Fellowship (507)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Donald & Beverly Stone Fellowship (507)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022008","name":"Organization for Tropical Studies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Emily P. Foster Fellowship (512)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Emily P. Foster Fellowship (512)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022008","name":"Organization for Tropical Studies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["the Glaxo Fellowship (505\/552)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["the Glaxo Fellowship (505\/552)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Biol J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Pollination shifts result in floral divergence, yet how such shifts influence variation and correlation among floral traits is unclear. We examine whether a transition from bee to hummingbird pollination in sister species of Neotropical spiral gingers \u2013\n                          <jats:italic>Costus kuntzei<\/jats:italic>\n                          , with ancestral bee pollination, and\n                          <jats:italic>Costus wilsonii<\/jats:italic>\n                          , with derived hummingbird pollination \u2013 drives phenotypic variation, functional integration and morphological modularity.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Using field measurements and observations, we assess pollinator assemblages and pollination syndrome divergence by quantifying a suite of floral traits related to shape, size, colour, scent and nectar reward. We then test whether the shift from bee to hummingbird pollination has led to differences in floral phenotypic variation and integration, and we use geometric morphometric analyses to evaluate modularity hypotheses based on floral function and genetic or developmental constraints.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          We find that\n                          <jats:italic>C. wilsonii<\/jats:italic>\n                          exhibits changes in, and loss of, multiple floral traits, along with extreme specialization on a single hermit hummingbird species. In contrast,\n                          <jats:italic>C. kuntzei<\/jats:italic>\n                          is visited by a more species\u2010rich pollinator assemblage of euglossine bees and a tabanid fly. Both plant species show similar patterns of floral variation, integration and modularity, with reduced floral variation and modularity patterns concentrated in traits involved in pollinator fit and pollen transfer.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>The findings suggest that phenotypic patterns reflect functional traits shaped by divergent pollinator\u2010mediated adaptation. This floral adaptation has resulted in stable patterns of trait variation and correlation, consistent with selection for efficient pollination and pollinator fit in both species.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.70277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T06:26:02Z","timestamp":1786083962000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Floral adaptation and modular trait evolution associated with a shift from bee to hummingbird pollination"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8450-2133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California  Santa Cruz California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8858-110X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. M.","family":"Kay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California  Santa Cruz California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12511","article-title":"Evaluating modularity in morphometric data: Challenges with the RV coefficient and a new test measure","volume":"7","author":"Adams D.C.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.13867","article-title":"Comparing the strength of modular signal, and evaluating alternative modular hypotheses, using covariance ratio effect sizes with morphometric data","volume":"73","author":"Adams 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