{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T16:17:06Z","timestamp":1788538626295,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009023","name":"Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJPR21D6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJPR21D6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009023","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020964","name":"Fusion Oriented REsearch for disruptive Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJFR2339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJFR2339"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020964","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP25H00944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP25H00944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Biol J"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n \n The evolutionary transition from autotrophy to full mycoheterotrophy is often viewed as a progressive loss of photosynthetic capacity, yet comparative studies of closely related leafless orchids that retain residual photosynthesis remain scarce. The\n Cremastra appendiculata<\/jats:italic>\n species complex provides a valuable system for testing whether dependence on fungal carbon varies among leafless species.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n We compared the nutritional modes of two closely related leafless orchids,\n Cremastra aphylla<\/jats:italic>\n and\n C. saprophytica<\/jats:italic>\n , at flowering and fruiting using natural\u2010abundance stable isotope analyses and measurements of chlorophyll concentration and fluorescence.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n Both species retained functional, albeit limited, photosynthetic capacity. From flowering to fruiting, chlorophyll concentrations and the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II increased, whereas \u03b4\n 13<\/jats:sup>\n C values decreased, a pattern consistent with enhanced photosynthetic capacity during reproductive development. However,\n C. aphylla<\/jats:italic>\n consistently showed greater\n 13<\/jats:sup>\n C enrichment relative to autotrophic reference plants and had a significantly lower chlorophyll concentration during flowering than\n C. saprophytica<\/jats:italic>\n , indicating greater dependence on fungal carbon.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n These results demonstrate that leaflessness does not necessarily imply full mycoheterotrophy and, more importantly, that dependence on fungal carbon can differ even between closely related leafless species. Together with developmental\u2010stage\u2010dependent changes within each species, these interspecific differences suggest that the transition from partial to full mycoheterotrophy can proceed through multiple incremental steps even after leaflessness has evolved.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.70290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T15:37:40Z","timestamp":1788536260000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evidence for partial mycoheterotrophy during fruiting in two leafless orchids,\n Cremastra aphylla<\/i>\n and\n C. saprophytica<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7943-4164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Suetsugu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science Kobe University Kobe Hyogo Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Research Kobe University Kobe Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/0367-2530-00080"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-014-2940-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2004.2807"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2009.02853.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-8137.2003.00872.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13865"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2005.02770.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.18990"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2745.12274"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14398"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2005.01364.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcab006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jexbot\/51.345.659"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-5209-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"571","article-title":"Saprophytismus und Photosynthese. 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