{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T19:04:39Z","timestamp":1790017479935,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42277121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42277121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Biol J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Cadmium (Cd) contamination poses a major threat to forest ecosystems, and\n                          <jats:italic>Broussonetia papyrifera<\/jats:italic>\n                          is a promising woody species with strong Cd tolerance and accumulation capacity. Vacuolar H\n                          <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                          \u2010ATPase (V\u2010ATPase) is central to ion homeostasis and heavy metal detoxification, yet the organ\u2010 and domain\u2010specific roles of its subunits in Cd responses remain unclear.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          We integrated physiological measurements, transcript profiling, enzyme activity assays and genome\u2010wide analyses to characterize V\u2010ATPase subunits (\n                          <jats:italic>BpVHAs<\/jats:italic>\n                          ) and their functions under a 30\u2010day Cd treatment in roots, stems and leaves of\n                          <jats:italic>B. papyrifera<\/jats:italic>\n                          .\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Cd stress caused only mild electrolyte leakage but triggered substantial V\u2010ATPase accumulation and enhanced activity. V\u2010ATPase activity displayed a tissue\u2010graded temporal pattern, with roots responding earliest and most strongly. We identified 22\n                          <jats:italic>BpVHA<\/jats:italic>\n                          genes belonging to conserved V\n                          <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                          and V\n                          <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                          domains, whose promoters were enriched in stress\u2010 and hormone\u2010related\n                          <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                          \u2010elements. Most genes exhibited a rise\u2010then\u2010fall expression trend during Cd exposure, with V\n                          <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                          subunits induced earlier, more strongly and for longer than V\n                          <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                          subunits. Mantel tests showed that V\n                          <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                          expression correlated more strongly with V\u2010ATPase activity in roots, whereas V\n                          <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                          expression dominated in stems and leaves.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Our findings highlight\n                          <jats:italic>BpVHA\u2010a2<\/jats:italic>\n                          ,\n                          <jats:italic>BpVHA\u2010a3<\/jats:italic>\n                          and\n                          <jats:italic>BpVHA\u2010c1<\/jats:italic>\n                          as key contributors to Cd detoxification. We propose a model in which roots rely on rapid V\n                          <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                          \u2010driven ATP hydrolysis, while aerial tissues depend on sustained V\n                          <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                          \u2010mediated proton pumping to support vacuolar Cd sequestration. This study provides new insights into heavy metal tolerance in woody plants and identifies promising molecular targets for breeding and phytoremediation in Cd\u2010contaminated environments.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.70292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:46:03Z","timestamp":1790016363000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>\n                      V\n                      <sub>0<\/sub>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>\n                      V\n                      <sub>1<\/sub>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    domains of vacuolar H\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>ATPase<\/scp>\n                    play distinct roles in cadmium tolerance of\n                    <i>Broussonetia papyrifera<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"W.","family":"Tianyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forestry Cultivation on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Yuying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forestry Cultivation on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Yani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forestry Cultivation on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Xingjing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forestry Cultivation on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Aleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forestry Cultivation on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forestry Cultivation on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi China"},{"name":"College of Horticulture and Forestry Tarim University  Alar Xinjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Peiwei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yijun Walnut Industry Development Center  Tongchuan Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. R.","family":"Shahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forestry Cultivation on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Zhenggang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forestry Cultivation on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1573-7166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y.","family":"Guiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forestry Cultivation on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi 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