{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:50:10Z","timestamp":1791399010188,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Biol J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>To alleviate negative effects of genetic drift on rare plants, it has been suggested to artificially increase gene flow between isolated populations and create new populations by mixing different provenances to maximize genetic variation. However, there is also a risk of outbreeding depression.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          We studied the effects of cross type on components of fitness in two closely related taxa, the rare rock plants\n                          <jats:italic>Saxifraga rosacea<\/jats:italic>\n                          ssp. rosacea (octoploid) and\n                          <jats:italic>S. rosacea<\/jats:italic>\n                          ssp.\n                          <jats:italic>sponhemica<\/jats:italic>\n                          (hexaploid), a Central European endemic. Using plants from 30 populations, we carried out within\u2010population crosses (WPC), between\u2010population crosses (BPC) and between\u2010taxon crosses (BTC), and measured performance over two generations in a common garden. We also studied backcrosses (BTC \u00d7 WPC).\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Seed yield of BPC and survival of offspring were higher than that of both WPC and BTC, indicating genetic load in the isolated rock populations of both taxa. However, BPC offspring showed outbreeding depression for reproduction, while BTC offspring was nearly completely sterile, and backcrosses hardly produced any seeds. The mass and germination of the seeds produced by the F\n                          <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                          and the F\n                          <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          , and survival of the F\n                          <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          were not negatively affected by BPC and BTC.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Our results suggest caution in increasing gene flow between long\u2010term isolated populations or mixing seeds for restoration projects. The nearly complete infertility of the F\n                          <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                          \u2010plants resulting from BTC strongly supports the notion that management measures resulting in heteroploid crosses should be avoided. Moreover, the sterility of the hybrids suggests that the two taxa should be treated as separate species.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.70297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:54:46Z","timestamp":1791395686000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of crossing distance on components of fitness in two rare rock plants"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8994-9540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Colling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Population Biology Mus\u00e9e national d'histoire naturelle  Luxembourg Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3990-4982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Decanter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Population Biology Mus\u00e9e national d'histoire naturelle  Luxembourg Luxembourg"},{"name":"Fondation Faune\u2010Flore Mus\u00e9e national d'histoire naturelle  Luxembourg Luxembourg"},{"name":"Department of Biology University of Marburg  Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2439-0501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Matthies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Marburg  Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13272","article-title":"Habitat fragmentation reduces plant progeny quality: A global synthesis","volume":"22","author":"Aguilar R.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecology Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2008.03971.x","article-title":"Genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation in plant populations: Susceptible signals in plant traits and methodological approaches","volume":"17","author":"Aguilar R.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135747","article-title":"Assisted gene flow to facilitate local adaptation to climate change","volume":"44","author":"Aitken 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